Covers about soil as a physical evidence, importance of soil in forensic examination and soil as a geo marker.

1. PRESENTED BY: MEENAKSHI B
ENROLL NO.:102FSBSMS2122042
COURSE: BSc-MSc FORENSIC SCIENCES
NFSU DELHI CAMPUS
SUBMITTED TO: Dr. RICHA ROHATGI

2. QUICK RECAP…….
• Soil is a natural body comprised of solids, liquids and gases that
occurs on the land surfaces, occupies space and characterised by one
or both the following: horizon or layer, that are distinguishable from
the initial material as a result of addition, transfer, losses and
transformation of energy and matter or the ability to support rooted
plants in a natural environment.
• Composition of soil:

3. • Factors affecting composition of soil:
Composition of parent material
Climate
Topography
Organisms
Time
• Classification of soil:

4. • Soil profile:

5. • Soil as an evidence:
• Collection and preservation of soil
Sample must be collected in druggist fold; air dried
Handle carefully since it’s a trace evidence
Representative sample must be collected from crime scene
SOIL
CRIME SCENE
VICTIM SUSPECT

6. • Analysis of soil sample:
i. Preliminary test
Colour test
Texture analysis
pH test
Solubility test
Moisture retention test
Microscopic analysis
Ignition test
ii. Confirmatory test
Density gradient test
Spectrographic analysis
X-ray diffraction technique
Mass spectroscopy

7. SOIL AS A GEOMARKER
• Topography refers to the steepness, landscape position and surface shape of a
section of land.
• In a case of murder by strangulation, the very son of the deceased was
accused of the offence. He was responsible to inform his father on telephone
to visit a distant suburb where one of his relatives, who was ailing, lived. Least
suspecting the son, the father reached the place by catching the earliest
available suburban train. His son who was accompanied by two of his friends
received him at the station. The son had taken a car on loan from one of his
friends to carry his father. Instead of taking the father, to his relatives place,
the car was diverted to a remote outskirts of the town. Thereafter, the son
strangulated his father to death; the motive being, to take revenge on his
father for settling his younger brother's marriage and ignoring his claim over
him. The deceased's body was later disposed off in a muddy pond. While
getting into the pond a lump of mud stain came in contact with the trouser
bottoms of the accused son. The mud from the accused's trouser and the mud
from the pond when compared showed perfect match.

8. THANK YOU!