Mechartes determined the behavior of critical temperature which results in longitudinal expansion of the pipeline, which might cause upheaval buckling and failure.

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GLOBAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS

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To determine behavior of critical
temperature which results in
longitudinal expansion of the pipeline,
which might cause upheaval buckling
and failure.
OBJECTIVE

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FE software is used to model the pipe
and to determine its buckling
characteristic. To assess pipeline
stability against the UHB, the uplift
resistance of the soil is typically used
as an input for mathematical
modeling to determine a safe burial
depth (H/D).
DESIGN
APPROACH

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A pipe with an initial imperfection buried in dense sand is
focused. An analysis is done for the buried pipes
considering different values (0-50 %) of post peak reduction
of uplift soil resistance.
A two noded, two dimensional linear beam element is used
for modeling the pipe while the soil is modeled as nonlinear
springs in both axial and vertical directions.
An element size of 0.5 m is used for the pipe after mesh
conversion. It is assumed that pipeline can not move in
downward due to rigid seabed, high spring stiffness is used
in the downward direction.

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Conclusion
Thermal expansion of buried
pipelines may cause upheaval
buckling if the uplift resistance
offered by the backfill soil is not
sufficient to prevent upward
displacement
For the given pipe diameter (D), as
the soil cover (H) above the pipe
increases with H/D ratio, the uplift
resistance (Fv) of the pipe also
increases and therefore, higher
critical temperature is required for
the Upheaval buckling (UHB) of pipe.

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