computer

2. Serial
Number
Student Name Student ID
1. Md. Nobel 2224EEE51359
2. Md. Arif Hossain 2224EEE51360
3. Md. Naimur Rahman Nerob 2224EEE51361
4. Ariful Islam 2224EEE51362
5. Nasir Uddin 2224EEE51384

4.  Computer History
 Computer Basic Component
 How It Work
 What Are The Common Criteria For Computer
 Modern Computer
 Application On Computer

5.  Computer was invented about 2000 years ago. However, in those
early days computers were introduced in the form of “abacus”. But,
the abacus could only perform simple arithmetic operations. Abacus
was a calculation device. Abacus is also called counting frame.
Because, it looks like a frame which is made of wood.
 The abacus was followed by the “Masculine” which was created by
the mathematician “Blasé Pascal” in 1642. Masculine could calculate
much faster than Abacus. And, Masculine is the first mechanical
calculator. This machine was also called adding machine.
 This difference engine was built by “Charles Babbage” who was a
mechanical engineer. Charles Babbage built such a machine, which
was able to calculate accurately and precisely. The difference engine
was invented in 1822.

6.  Zuse-Z3 – 1941 The Z3 was a "German electromechanical
computer" designed by Conrad Zeus. This computer was the
world's first automatic digital computer that could be
programmed.
 ENIAC – 1946 The full form of ENIAC computer is
“Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer”. It was the
first electronic digital computer designed for general purpose
work. Many complex numerical problems could be solved by
this computer through programming. ENIAC computer worked
on Decimal Arithmetic system and in future this computer
developed as modern computer. Manchester Baby – 1948 The
Manchester Baby or Small-Scale Experimental Machine was
the first electronic stored-program computer built at the
University of Manchester. The first program was run on this
computer on 21 June 1948. This computer was nicknamed
“baby”. The computer was developed by Frederic C. Williams,
Tom Kilburn and Geoff Too till.

7. There are five basic components
which include:
 Input Unit.
 Output Unit.
 Memory Unit.
 Control Unit.
 Arithmetical and Logical Unit.
These are the major components of a Computer.

8. Memory Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetical
& Logical Unit
Input
Device
Output
Device

9.  Input: An input is the information that we provide to the
Computer. We provide the information using the Computer's
input devices: Keyboard, mouse, microphone, and many more.
For example, when we type something using a keyboard, it is
known as an Input provided to the Computer.
 Storage Space: It is the place where our input gets stored. It is
known as Computer Memory that keeps the data into it. A
computer uses a hard drive for storing files and documents. It
uses two types of memory, i.e., internal memory and external
memory. Internal memory is known as RAM, which is volatile
in nature. It stores data temporarily, i.e., when the data is ready
to be processed, is loaded into RAM, and after processing, it
moves data for the storage. On the other hand, external memory
is used to store data permanently until you remove it or it got
crashed.

10.  Processing: The processing of the input is performed
by the CPU, which is the Central Processing Unit of
the Computer. It is also known as the brain of a
computer that is responsible for processing the data
provided by the user. The speed of the computer
brain is four times faster than the speed of the human
brain.
 Output: When we type something using a keyboard,
the place where we see the typed input is the
Computer Monitor or Computer Screen. A computer
screen allows seeing the input we provided to the
Computer. Including this, there are different types of
output devices of a computer, such as loudspeakers,
projectors, printers, and many more.

11. Computers usually perform work through a combination of two mediums
 First of all Hardware: All the devices, parts and devices that make up the external shape of
the computer are called hardware. Computer hardware can again be divided into three categories.
a) Input devices: keyboard, mouse, disk, scanner, card reader, digital camera etc.
b) System unit: Hard disk, motherboard, AGP card, RAM etc.
c) Output equipment: monitor, printer, disk, speaker, projector, head phone etc.
Secondly,
 Software: A program is a sequence of instructions arranged in computer language for the
purpose of solving problems or performing tasks. The program or set of programs that make the
hardware work by creating a relationship between the computer hardware and the user is called
software. Computer software can be mainly divided into two categories.
a) System software: System software effectively utilizes the computer's capabilities for executing
practical programs by maintaining the coordination of work between the various units of the
computer.
b) Application Software: A program used for solving practical problems or processing data is called
application software. Many ready-made programs for solving practical problems are available as
commercial products, commonly called package programs.

12. A modern computer is a modern high-speed electronic device
that can perform mathematical calculations very quickly by
following specific instructions. But nowadays it is used for
many more purposes besides complex calculations.
Scientist Charles Babbage is called the father of the modern
computer .
There are 4 types of modern computers:
1. Super computer
2. Mini computer
3. Mainframe computer
4. Micro computer

13.  A Supercomputer is
a computer with a high level of
performance as compared to
a general-purpose computer.
The performance of a
supercomputer is commonly
measured in floating-
point operations per second
(FLOPS) instead of million
instructions per second (MIPS).
Since 2017, there have existed
supercomputers which can
perform over 1017 FLOPS (a
hundred quadrillion FLOPS,
100 petal FLOPS or
100 PFLOPS).

14.  Office Suite: An office suite is a collection of applications bundled together,
intended to be used by knowledge workers in an organization. It is used to
simplify tasks and processes of office workers and increase their productivity.
 An office suite is also known as an office application suite or office productivity
software
 Internet Access: Internet access is the process of connecting to the internet using
personal computers, laptops or mobile devices by users or enterprises. Internet
access is subject to data signaling rates and users could be connected at different
internet speeds. Internet access enables individuals or organizations to avail
internet services/web-based services.
 Design and Manufacturing:
 Graphics
 Audio
 Software engineering
 Games
 Misc