tle10_afa_agricropprod_q4_mod1_handlingmaterialsandequipmentforirrigationwork_v4.pdf

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Agri-Fishery Arts
Agricultural Crop Production
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Handling Materials and Equipment
for Irrigation Work
Photo Credit: Almalyn G. Patriana
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
10

Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 10
Agri-Fishery Arts - Agricultural Crop Production
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 1: Handling Materials and Equipment for Irrigation Work
First Edition, 2020
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Proper material storage is essential in maintaining a functional operation.
Improper storage can lead to injuries. It is important to ensure that once the materials
arrive at destination, they are safely stored or stacked that they do not move, roll,
collapse or cause danger to workers. Poor material storage practices can create
serious injuries.
Moreover, after constant use, the materials and equipment later become
waste. These need to be disposed because they may no longer be usable, not in
good condition or may result to injuries of workers.
Proper waste disposal begins with good waste management including
minimum waste generation, reusing surplus materials, and recycling of appropriate
waste. Generated waste must be properly collected and stored, paying close
attention to labelling, segregating and accumulating in a well- ventilated location. This
location should be well labelled.
Activity 1
Directions: Before learning the competencies discussed in this lesson, analyze
the pictures and answer first the questions below. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What can you say about this picture?
1
Lesson
1
Storing Waste Material and
Debris in the Designated
Area According to
Workplace Procedure/
OHS Procedure
What’s New

2. How do you describe the said picture?
3. Is it safe to put it this way?
4. Are these equipment stored properly?
5. What can you say about this picture?
2

6. Describe this picture.
Storage Practices for Materials and Equipment
1. Maintain walkways.
2. Store on firm grounds.
3. Stack loads evenly and straight.
4. Optimize pile height for space and stability.
5. Non-compatible materials should not be stored together.
6. Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair.
7. Place heavier loads on lower or middle shelves and racks
8. Remove object one at a time from shelves and racks.
9. Store materials on level surfaces free of trip hazards.
10. Round shaped materials should be blocked, placed in racks or cribbing
or bundled and tied together.
11. Store materials in arrangement that allows for easy movement and access.
12. Wear appropriate protective equipment, such as hard hat, safety shoes,
gloves and glasses.
13. Examine the storage room on each working shift. Repair or correct any
unsafe equipment or condition.
14. Organize and label storage areas so that parts and materials can be
quickly located without searching.
15. Under general industry standards if workers must work on loads higher
than 4 feet, fall protection is required.
Waste Material Storage and Disposition
Users are responsible for the proper disposal of their own waste that is being
generated during their work. If these certain wastes are not properly disposed or
taken care of in a right manner, it will be a risk for the general safety. Proper waste
management is required not only for humans but also for the animals and
environment.
3
What Is It

It is the duty and responsibility of every person in possession or in-charge of
control in any establishment from where the waste or refuse is created or
accumulated. There should be adequate portable storage containers of approved
size for the waste or refuse. Storage containers should be strong. These shall be
placed in accessible locations approved by the director of public works or his
representative.
In any establishment, the workers are also responsible in keeping the area
and its surroundings clean and free of any material which may appear to be garbage,
rubbish or waste. These should be placed in a storage container. The wastes may be
reduced, reused, and recycled before disposing. The reusing and recycling
processes help a lot on how to properly manage the wastes. These are very
important because resources are finite. Thus, each worker and everybody in the
community should do their part to help.
Safe and efficient material storage depends on proper cooperation and
coordination among people involved including the clients, contractors, suppliers, and
the construction trades.
It is very important to know the types of waste because many of these can be
discarded, reused, or recycled. These enable us to segregate correctly, so, the
waste collector can remove these from the site properly and safely.
The waste should be stored from the source of waste generation until
collected for disposal. Improper waste disposal may severely endanger the health of
the public and the environment as well.
Tips for Waste Material Storage
1. Storage Area - Assign a storage area for substances that are flammable for
plant and material waste.
2. Pedestrian Routes - Do not allow storage to “spread” in an uncontrolled
manner on the footpaths and other walkways. Do not store materials where
they can obstruct access routes or may interfere with emergency escape.
3. Flammable Materials - These need to be stored, should be away from other
materials, and must be protected from accidental ignition.
4. Storage at Height - When materials are stored at height on top of a container,
make sure the necessary guard rails are in place if people could fall when
stacking or collecting materials and equipment.
4. Tidiness - Keep all storage areas tidy, whether in the main compound or in
the site itself.
4

5. Deliveries - Plan the deliveries to keep the number of materials on site to a
minimum.
Activity 2
I. Directions: Analyze the statements below. Write T if the statement is
correct and F if it is not on a separate sheet of paper.
____1. Stack loads evenly and straight.
____2. Don`t maintain walkways.
____3. Store on firm grounds.
____4. Optimize file height for space and stability.
____5. Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair.
____6. Place lighter loads on lower or middle shelves and racks.
____7. Never remove one object at a time from shelves and racks.
____8. Compatible materials should not be stored together.
____9. Store materials in arrangement that allow for shelves and racks.
____10. If workers must work on loads higher than 4 feet, fall protection is required.
II. Directions: Analyze the statements and complete the sentences by choosing
the answers inside the box. Write the letters only which correspond
to your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
A. pedestrian routes F. accessible
B. proper waste disposal G. generated
C. users H. proper waste management
D. reusing and recycling I. tidiness
E. storage area J. flammable materials
1. _______ begin with good waste management.
2. _______ waste must be properly collected and stored.
3. This container shall be placed in _______ locations.
4. _______ is required not only for humans but also for the animals and
environment as well.
5. _______ are responsible for the proper disposal of their own waste.
6. _______ do not allow storage to “spread” in an uncontrolled manner.
7. _______ is designated for plant, material waste and flammable substances.
8. _______ keeps all storage area tidy, whether in the main compound or
in the site itself.
9. _______ need to be stored away from other materials and protected
from accidental ignition.
10. The _______ processes help a lot on how to properly manage its waste.
5
What’s More

What I Have Learned
Activity 3
Directions: Fill the blanks with the correct answers. Choose your answers from
the box and write the letters only corresponding to your answers. Use
a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
A. material storage F. walkways K. wastes
B. appropriate G. grounds L. proper waste management
C. label H. heavier loads M. responsible
D. objects I. passageways N. discarded, reused, or recycled
E. improper J. proper material O. segregate
1. Place _______ on lower or middle shelves and racks.
2. Wear _______ protective equipment.
3. _______ storage is essential in maintaining a functional operation.
4. _______ storage can lead to injuries.
5. Poor __________ practices can create serious injury.
6. Organize and _____ storage areas.
7. Remove _______ one at a time.
8. Maintain _______.
9. Store on firm _______.
10. Keep aisles and _______ clear and in good repair.
11. Users are _______ for the proper disposal of their waste that is generated
during their work.
12. If these certain _______ are not properly disposed or taken care of in a
right manner, it will be a risk for the general safety.
13. _______ is required not only for humans but also for the animals and
environment.
14. It is very important to know the types of waste because many of these can
be _______.
15. These enable us to _______ correctly, so, the waste collector can remove
these from the site properly and safely.
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What I Can Do
Activity 4. Proper Storage of Materials and Equipment
I. Directions:
1. Using the materials below, make a sketch/drawing on proper storage of
materials and equipment.
2. On another sheet of bond paper, explain how to solve the problem on storing
materials and equipment.
3. Submit your output to your teacher on the scheduled date of submission.
4. Your output will be rated based on the rubrics below.
Materials Needed
2 pieces bond paper
1 piece pencil with eraser
1 piece ruler
Rubrics for Rating Performance
Dimension Very Good
5
Good
3
Fair
1
Score
No. of materials
and equipment
sketched/ drawn
Sketched 5 or
more materials/
equipment
Sketched 3-4
materials/
equipment
Sketched 2
materials/ equipment
and below
Relevance 100% relevant to
the task
80%-90%
relevant to the task
70% below
Presentation Very creative Creative Fair
II. Directions: From the picture below, how are you going to dispose the wastes
properly? Write your answers on another sheet of paper.
7

Assessment
Multiple Choice
Directions: Analyze the statements. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the
statement is wrong. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
____1. Store materials in arrangement that allow for shelves and racks.
____2. Don`t maintain walkways.
____3. Store materials on not level surfaces free of trip hazards.
____4. Optimize file height for space and stability.
____5. Never remove one object at a time from shelves and racks.
____6. Store on firm grounds.
____7. Stack loads evenly and straight.
____8. Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair.
____9. Place lighter loads on lower or middle shelves and racks.
____10. Compatible materials should not be stored together.
____11. Generated wastes must not be properly collected and stored.
____12. Proper waste disposal endangers the health of the public health and
environment.
____13. Flammable materials need to be stored away from other materials
and protected from accidental ignition.
____14. It is the duty of every person to keep the area clean from any kinds of
waste materials called garbage.
____15. Proper waste disposal begins with good waste management.
8

Material handling is the movement, storage, control and protection of
materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution,
consumption and disposal. The focus is on the methods, mechanical equipment,
system and related control used to achieve this function.
Before you proceed with the lesson, answer this activity first.
Activity 1
Directions: Describe the picture below and give its uses. Write your answers on
another sheet of paper.
The National Safety Council suggests to employers to disseminate the
following informations to their employees in order to reduce workplace incidents that
may possibly happen when handling and moving materials and equipment. The
workers are the ones who will be injured when handling materials.
9
Lesson
2
Handling and Transporting
Materials, Equipment and
Machinery According to
Enterprise Guidelines
What’s New
What Is It

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) encourages
employers to develop and operate their own job safety and health plans.
Proper Use/ Handling of Materials and Equipment
For a safer and more productive work environment, one must follow the
following:
1. Make sure that the operator is trained and qualified to operate the equipment.
2. Always do a pre-inspection of the equipment.
3. Make sure that the load is secure, stable and appropriate for the piece of
equipment being utilized.
4. Always ensure that the operator has clear visibility when in motion. Use
helpers if necessary.
5. When carrying loads, go forward on up ramps and in reverse on down ramps.
6. Lower the loads to travel height before moving and carrying it with a slight
back tilt.
7. Always know the weight of your cargo and make certain that the equipment is
capable of carrying the load.
8. Only raise and lower loads when not in motion.
9. Travel at safe speed for environment. Maintain a safe distance between other
pieces of moving equipment, people and stationary objects.
10. Turn off the forklift when not in use or unattended and remove the key.
Aside from proper use/handling of materials and equipment, the following are
the additional guides to a safer and more productive work environment:
1. Use conveyors, slides or chutes to eliminate pushing or pulling.
2. Do not twist or bend while lifting objects.
3. Stay in good physical health.
4. Make use of available handling aid.
5. Use containers made of lighter materials.
6. Always inspect the equipment.
7. Do not lift a load over an obstacle.
8. Perform lifts in areas with adequate footing, space and lighting.
9. Employees should use blocking materials to manage load safely.
10. You may load and unload when the equipment is not in motion.
11. Drive safely.
10

Activity 2
Directions: Complete the statements under column A by choosing the words
found in column B. Write only the letters of your answers on another
sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Stay in good _____ health. A. do not
2. _____ twist or bend while lifting objects. B. visibility
3. Do not lift a load over an _____. C. inspect
4. Always _____ the equipment. D. obstacle
5. Operator has clear _____. E. physical
6. Perform lifts in areas with _____ footing, F. not in use
space and lighting. G. adequate
7. Turn off the forklift when _____ or unattended. H. containers
8. Ensure that operator is _____ and qualified. I. employees
9. Use _____ made of lighter materials. J. motion
10. Make use of available _____ aid. K. handling
11. _____ should use blocking materials to L. secure
manage load safely. M. cargo
12. Always know the weight of your _____. N. helpers
13. Make sure that the load is _____. O. trained
14. Use _____ if necessary.
15. Only raise and lower loads when not in _____.
What I Have Learned
Activity 3
Directions: Fill the blanks with the correct answers. Choose your answers from
the box and write the letters only corresponding to your answers. Use
a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
A. operator F. lifts
B. load G. aid
C. good H. forklift
D. lighter I. weight
E. inspect J. vision
11
What’s More

1. Turn off the _____ when not in use or unattended.
2. Stay in _____ physical health.
3. Always _____ the equipment.
4. Ensure the _____ is trained and qualified.
5. Perform _____ in areas with adequate footing, space and lighting.
6. Operator must have a clear _____.
7. Do not lift a _____ over an obstacle.
8. Use containers made of _____ materials.
9. Make use of available handling _____.
10. Always know the _____ of your cargo.
What I Can Do
Activity 4
Directions:
1. Imagine yourself that you are one of the employees of an agricultural company
or establishment and you need to deal with proper use/handling of materials and
equipment.
2. Make a poster on proper use/handling of materials and equipment.
3. Prepare all needed materials listed below.
4. Sketch the different materials and equipment that you always use every day.
5. Compile this as one of your outputs in the portfolio.
6. Submit this on the scheduled date of submission.
Materials Needed
1 piece white cartolina
1 piece pencil
1 piece ruler with eraser
1 set crayons
Rubrics for Rating Performance
Dimension Very Good
5
Good
3
Fair
1
Score
No. of materials
and equipment
sketched/ drawn
Sketched 5 or
more materials/
equipment
Sketched 3-4
materials/
equipment
Sketched 2
materials/ equipment
and below
Relevance 100% relevant to
the task
80%-90%
70% below
12

Assessment
Multiple Choice
Directions: Analyze the statements. Choose the letters of the best answers. Write
the letters of your choice that correspond to your answers on another
sheet of paper.
1. Always do a ______ of the equipment.
a. shower b. pre-heat
c. over haul d. pre-inspection
2. Make sure that the ______ is secure.
a. house b. store
c. load d. bank
3. Always ensure that the operator has clear ______ when in motion.
a. visibility b. future
c. mind d. destination
4. Make sure the ______ is trained and qualified to operate the
equipment.
a. dog b. operator
c. utility d. collector
5. Only raise and lower loads when not in ______.
a. public b. street
c. use d. motion
6. Turn off the ______ when not in use or unattended.
a. forklift b. light
c. fire d. car
7. Always know the weight of your ______.
a. house b. bag
c. cargo d. body
8. Maintain a ______ between other pieces of moving equipment.
a. long distance b. safe distance
c. social distance d. faraway distance
9. Travel at ______ for environment.
a. low speed b. no speed
c high speed d. safe speed
10. Make certain that the ______ is capable of carrying the load.
a. equipment b. tools
c. operator d. worker
11. When carrying loads, go ______ on up ramps and in reverse on down
ramps.
a. sideward b. anywhere
b. backward d. forward
13

12. Lower the loads to the ______ before moving and carrying it with a slight
back tilt.
a. ground b. floor
c. travel height d. low position
13. Do not allow a ______ piece of equipment to be operated until it is
fixed or repaired.
a. expensive b. second hand
c. new d. damaged or unsafe
14. Use ______ if necessary.
a. helpers b. cloth
c. computer d. gadgets
15. ______ should include brakes, steering, warning devices, safety
device, mast, tires, and all controls.
a. bartered items b. inspected items
c. valuable items d. sold-out items
14

In learning the new lesson on routine maintenance of irrigation and/or
drainage system and components, you should know this information. Irrigation is the
artificial application of water to supply the needed requirement of crops/plants and
drainage is the artificial removal of excess water from the soil.
In addition to knowing this routine maintenance of irrigation and drainage
system and components, it is also very essential to learn the skills on repair,
maintenance, and storage of infrastructures, materials, tools and equipment. These
are contributory factors to successful agricultural business / industry.
Now, you are ready to move forward and learn more. However, answer first
the questions in this activity.
Activity 1
Directions: Analyze and describe the pictures below. Answer the questions
asked. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.
A. Routine Maintenance of Irrigation and/or Drainage System and
Components
1. How do you maintain the flow of water in an irrigation/drainage system?
2. How do these weeds interfere the flow of the canal water?
a. b.
Photo Credit: Almalyn G. Patriana Photo Credit: Almalyn G. Patriana
15
Lesson
3
Maintaining a Clean and
Safe Work Site while
Undertaking Irrigation
Activities in Accordance
with OHS Procedures
What’s New

c. d.
B. Repair, Maintenance, and Storage of Infrastructures, Materials, Tools and
Equipment
1. What are the names of the equipment shown below?
2. What is needed to maintain the good condition of the equipment?
a.
b. c.
16

Routine Maintenance of Irrigation and/or Drainage Systems and
Components
Every tool or equipment that a worker is using needs some kind of
maintenance. Without this, it malfunctions and loses the proper utilization for the
intended purpose. It needs immediate replacement. Similarly, canals and structures
of agricultural lands need maintenance. Without such maintenance system, these
lands are less beneficial and productive. Canals and structures in irrigation should
have sufficient capacities and should guarantee the required water level.
Irrigated agriculture is the main source of life and economy in many countries.
Maintenance system for this is also essential. To know the proper maintenance of the
system, a person needs to have a knowledge on its characteristics and elements. He
has to understand which function contributes to good production and others.
Maintenance of irrigation and drainage is concerned with storing, conveying,
delivering or removal of water.
The objectives of irrigation and drainage system maintenance are:
1. To obtain the longest life and maximum use of system facilities by
providing adequate maintenance and replacement.
2. To achieve the foregoing maintenance at the lowest possible cost.
3. To avoid interruption in water deliveries, particularly during the period when
crop damage occurs.
Routine or normal maintenance includes all works necessary to keep the
irrigation system functioning satisfactorily, which is normally done annually.
Irrigation Network
17
What Is It

1. Concrete Lined Canal
This requires less maintenance when it is properly constructed and adequate
technical solutions are provided.
Routine activities include replacement of joints and damaged concrete slabs,
weed control and removal of silts. Silt removal is an expensive operation because it
is done manually. There are irrigation schemes that use the technique of flushing
“quick water” through the canal. This technique is used to remove silts from one
place and concentrate in another where this can be easily removed or disposed.
The main problem of concrete lined canals is cracking of the lining and
eventual eruption of concrete slabs due to sub-pressure. Apart from repairing the
damaged lining, corrective action must be taken. Usually, the installation of sub-
pressure value is enough to relieve the pressure. But, this involves major work.
2. Earth Canals
There are many problems in earth canals requiring maintenance attention.
Although they are closely interrelated, they should be treated separately.
a. Silting - Excessive sedimentation is perhaps the most common problem
affecting the performance of earth canal.
b. Weed Infestation - This can seriously impede the flow of canal water not only
in tropical conditions but also in semi-arid and arid climate.
c. Water Infiltration - Water leaks through canal banks can be caused by
burrowing small crates and water rots or by rotting plants and roots which are
not removed from the canal banks during construction. These leaks can be
repaired by following the path of the leaks through the bank either by hand
digging or hydraulic backhoe. If available, the trench must be carefully
backfilled and compacted. If canal leaks are not repaired, in time these result to
major breaches in the banks causing to costly repairs.
d. Erosion of Banks
Canal banks can be eroded with heavy rainfall or wind, improper canal
operation, stock grazing or passage by drinking animals, and the transit of
vehicles. Heavy rainfall or wind can cause serious damage to unprotected
banks. Seeding of grasses in the unwetted part of the canal is a cheap and
effective measure.
Erosion of canals can be repaired by mechanical means or manual
manipulation by re-building the worn canal banks. Care should be taken to
be taken to construct a proper joint between the old and new part, otherwise,
the canal will be damaged at the same time.
18

The most effective and preventive measures are seeding grass, fencing
the canals and constructing special places for animal watering and bathing.
Drainage Network
The retention of good working order in open drains includes the following
operations:
1. Light deforestation
2. Weed control in the canal section
3. Seeding grass in the canal section
4. Maintenance of flow gauges and other measuring devices
5. Removal of silts
Drainage maintenance should always be programmed from downstream to
upstream and as far as possible completed within an irrigation season.
The interval of regular maintenance should not exceed the periods of 2-3
years between two consecutive cleanings.
Repair, Maintenance, and Storage of Infrastructures, Materials, Tools
and Equipment
In today’s agricultural industry, modern technology is given importance
especially on proper maintenance and servicing, storage and wise utilization of
infrastructures, materials, tools and equipment for the business operations.
In a farm business, the owner must establish a plan integrated with the
highest level of management.
Importance of an Effective Maintenance Plan
1. It applies planning and control in an operative maintenance plan.
The management, in combining with the person who is in control for the
maintenance procedure, must start from the plan that is useful and efficient.
2. The plan must agree for unseen deviations, but only under risky conditions.
3. It is very essential to launch a plan for the storage of equipment.
This storage will define the worth that supervision places on the
maintenance level of the equipment.
4. It comprises the demarcated area that is definite for the cleaning of equipment.
19

This area adapts to the farm conservation and environmental policy
and plan that the use of strong cleaning materials is harmful to the
environment.
When a five-year production plan for the farm is launched, the planning for
maintenance of equipment and machinery within the production plan can begin.
The routine maintenance and scheduling plan are broken into two major
sections:
1. specifying the scheduled times that match with non-production peaks for
major maintenance.
2. repeated inspections either daily/ weekly/ monthly checks that are carried out
on the equipment.
Farm maintenance budget needs to be beneficial consist of two sections:
1. Frequent routine maintenance cost – These costs are budgeted for in
general but not planned for.
Example: A tractor might get a puncture and this would come out of
this cost centre.
2. Major routine maintenance cost – These costs are budgeted for one
year. The tractor will require a major service and after 5 years the engine will
require a total overhaul.
Frequent inspections distinguish the demand to replace or repair defective
stuffs.
Major maintenance work comprises total rework of equipment or an engine
that has significant service time. This repair is scheduled and budgeted and occurs
during non-productive time of the farm.
In the preparation stage, the managers are going to choose if they are going
to have the infrastructure obtained to do major repair work on engine and equipment
or out-source this work. If the manager follows or retains the work in-house, he is
going to propose to have all the tools and equipment accessible to do major repair
work.
Frequently, all major maintenance is handled by a specialist as it works out to
be more economical in the long run.
Farm store usually has a list of dealers of all equipment operating in the
farm and if new part is necessary to carry out work, the store will order the part if
they do not carry it as a stock item.
20

Planning Process
Purpose:
1. To ascertain how much capital will be spent in stock items for
maintenance.
2. To know the suitable idle time for maintenance rather than waiting for the
supplier to produce.
Training of staff is the fundamental part of the maintenance plan. The
trained staff is responsible for the machines and equipment. The manager is
concerned on executing the maintenance program needs to form a team that is going
to help in order to test the good details in the provision for operation.
Members of the Training Team
Shop steward or union representative
Maintenance manager
Person responsible for training
Industry specialist
Industry specialist will regularly conduct the operational and field
maintenance training. He will issue certificate of competency to the trainee after
training. This document guarantees that the worker is self-assured of his capacity to
maneuver needed repair checks on the equipment.
Maintenance schedule consists of the driver cleaning the air filter, spark
plug and the outside of the machine for physical dirt on a day-to-day basis. If oil leaks
on the engine is noticed, the driver must inform the supervisor who in turn allows the
driver to book the machine at the workshop.
The operator will conduct a daily routine service at the end of the day and
on a monthly basis. It takes the machine into the workshop for a minor service.
During downtime when there is no particular work for that day, the
equipment/ machine will be reserved for a major overhaul.
The workshop personnel must accommodate and cater the equipment that is
brought in for minor essential repairs out of the set schedule. A machine that has
oil leaks needs immediate attention because the lack of oil will cause major damage
with prolonged use.
Parts of the plan for repair is the availability of equipment machine that
allows the operator to work even when the machine is being fixed.
Each type of equipment operating in the farm must have the needed specific
or generic equipment that is existing to carry out the maintenance on the machine.
21

It is essential that the machine is cleaned and stored appropriately on a
day-to-day basis even that equipment is intended for rigid and rugged use. In
cleaning, operator must check for stress fractures. If daily maintenance is not carried
out on the machine, the damage occurs before the fracture is identified. The dirt that
is accumulated often conceals these fractures. It is very important that every month
the equipment needs to be placed in the workshop to be serviced and to make minor
patch-up.
Tractors, implements and all agricultural equipment are extremely
expensive. It is cost effective to plan and build sheds to house tractors and
equipment for the following reasons:
 The equipment is kept together and can be accounted for.
 The condition of the equipment can be checked and compared.
 Equipment is accessible for inspection.
 The equipment is protected from the environment and theft.
All equipment is conserved and put in storage that complements this.
Management strategy is a policy of total quality management.
Activity 2
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. ______ in irrigation canals should have sufficient capacities.
a. drainage
c. storing
b. irrigation
d. canal and structures
2. ______ requires less maintenance when it is properly constructed and
adequate technical solutions are provided.
a. dam b. earth canal
c. reservoir d. concrete lined canal
3. ______ can cause serious damage to unprotected banks.
a. light rainfall
c. medium rainfall
b. El Nino
d. heavy rainfall
4. ______ is the main source of light and economy in many countries.
a. new normal agriculture
c. irrigated agriculture
b. non-irrigated agriculture
d. normal agriculture
5. ______ can be repaired by mechanical means or manually by rebuilding the
worn canal banks.
22
What’s More

a. erosion of canals b. silting
c. erosion of banks d. weed infestation
6. ______ should always be programmed from downstream to upstream.
a. light maintenance
c. regular maintenance
b. drainage maintenance
d. little maintenance
7. The interval of ______ should not exceed periods of 2 to 3 years between two
consecutive cleanings.
a. casual maintenance
c. little maintenance
b. light maintenance
d. regular maintenance
8. ______ can seriously impede the flow of canal water.
a. erosion of banks b. weed infestation
c. water infiltration d. silting
9. Cracking of the lining and eventual eruption of concrete slabs due to sub
pressure is the main problem of ______.
a. concrete lined canal
c. reservoir
b. dam
d. earth canals
10. ______ maintenance which includes all work necessary to keep the irrigation
system functioning satisfactorily.
a. flushing
c. routine or normal
b. deferred maintenance
d. special maintenance
11. Many of the most productive agricultural areas depend on some type of
______ management.
a. water
c. air
b. soil
d. fire
12. The technique of ______ “quick water” through the canal is used to remove
silt.
a. fixing
c. repairing
b. flushing
d. installing
13. Apart from repairing the ______, corrective action must be taken.
a. fracture
c. erosion banks
b. water infiltration
d. damage lining
14. The installation of sub pressure value is enough to relieve the pressure, but
this involves ______.
a. major work
c. light work
b. heavy work
d. minor work
15. ______ excessive sedimentation is perhaps the most common problem
affecting the performance of earth canals.
a. erosion of banks b. weed infestation
c. silting d. water infiltration
23

What I Have Learned
Activity 3
Directions: Fill the blanks with the correct answers. Choose your answer from the
box and write the letter corresponding to your answer on another
sheet of paper.
A. drainage maintenance F. weed infestation
B. silting G. interval
C. flushing H. drainage
D. routine or normal maintenance I. erosion of canal
E. heavy rainfall or wind J. water infiltration
1. _______ which includes all works necessary to keep the irrigation system
functioning satisfactorily and is normally done annually.
2. Maintenance of irrigation and _______ is concerned with storing, conveying,
delivering or removal of water.
3. _______ excessive sedimentation is perhaps the most common problem
affecting the performance of earth canal.
4. _______ water leaks through canal banks can be caused by burrowing small
crates and water rots.
5. _______ can seriously impede the flow of canal water.
6. _______ can cause serious damage to unprotected banks.
7. _______ can be repaired by mechanical means or manually by re-building the
worn canal banks.
8. _______ is used to remove silt.
9. _______ should always be programmed from downstream to upstream.
10. The _______ of regular maintenance should not exceed periods of 2-3 years
between two consecutive cleaning.
What I Can Do
Activity 4. Sketching an Irrigation Canal
Materials needed:
Quantity Description
2 sheets bond paper
1 pc. Pencil
1 pc. Ruler
24

Instructions:
1. Using the materials above, sketch the irrigation canal.
2. Sketch also the problem requiring maintenance attention.
3. On another sheet of bond paper, explain your idea to solve the problem.
4. Submit your output to your teacher after 1 day.
Rubrics
Dimension Very Good
5
Good
3
Fair
1
Score
No. of problem
requiring
maintenance sketch
Sketch 5 or
more
Sketch 3-4 Sketch
2 below
Relevance 100%
Relevant to
the task
80%-90%
Relevant to the
task
70% below
Relevant to the
task
Assessment
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. _______ excessive sedimentation is perhaps the most common problem affecting
the performance of earth canals.
a. erosion of banks b. silting
c. weed infestation d. water infiltration
2. The installation of sub-pressure valve is enough to relieve the pressure, but this
involves _______.
a. major work b. light work
c. heavy work d. minor work
3. Apart from repairing the _______, corrective action must be taken.
a. fracture b. erosion banks
c. water infiltration d. damage lining
4. The technique of _______ “quick water” through the canal is used to remove silt.
a. fixing b. repairing
c. flushing d. installing
5. Many of the most productive agricultural areas depend on some type of
_______ management.
a. water b. air
c. soil d. fire
25

6. _______ maintenance which includes all work necessary to keep the irrigation
system functioning satisfactorily.
a. flushing b. routine or normal
c. deferred maintenance d. special maintenance
7. Cracking of the lining and eventual eruption of concrete slabs due to sub pressure
is the main problem of _______.
a. concrete lined canal b. reservoir
c. dam d. earth canal
8. _______ can seriously impede the flow of canal water.
a. erosion of banks b. water infiltration
c. weed infestation d. silting
9. The intervals in _______ should not exceed the periods of 2 to 3 years between
two consecutive cleanings.
a. casual maintenance b. little maintenance
c. light maintenance d. regular maintenance
10. _______ should always be programmed from downstream to upstream.
a. light maintenance
c. regular maintenance
b. drainage maintenance
d. little maintenance
11. _______ can be repaired by mechanical means or manually by rebuilding the
worn canal banks.
a. erosion canals b. silting
c. erosion of banks d. weed infestation
12. _______ is the main source of light and economy in many countries.
a. new normal agriculture b. irrigated agriculture
c. non-irrigated agriculture d. normal agriculture
13. _______ can cause serious damage to unprotected banks.
a. light rainfall b. medium rainfall
c. el niῆo d. heavy rainfall
14. _______ requires less maintenance when it is properly constructed and adequate
technical solutions are provided.
a. dam b. reservoir
c. concrete lined canal d. earth canal
15. _______ in irrigation canals should have sufficient capacities.
a. drainage b. storing
c. irrigation d. canal and structure
26

Answer Key
References
Safety and Health magazine copyright (2020). Proper Use Handling of
Materials and equipment. All right reserved Design, CMS, Hosting and
Web Development/ ePublishing
https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com
Keith Trumbull, VP of Material Handling Equipment, Element Fleet
Management. 10 Tips for Safety Use of Materials Handling Equipment
https://www.fleetmanagement.weekly.com
U.S. Department of Labor, Elain L. Chao, Secretary, Occupational Safety
And Health, Administration, John L. Henshaw, Assistant Secretary,
Materials Handling and Storage
https://www.osha.gov
28

Materials Handling and Storage/dte/library/materials library
https://www.msha.gov
Waste Material Storage and Disposition
Construction: Material Storage and Waste Management, Waste Disposal/Type
And Methods, https://www.hse.gov.uk
Proper Waste Disposal, https://www.jove.com
M. Juriens, Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage System- WUR E_depot
https://www.edepot.wur.nl
M. Juriens and KP Jain, Improve and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage,
International Institute for Land Reclamation….,1993 Wageningen, the
Netherlands, https://www.edepot.wur.nl
6 Maintenance Service, https://www.fo.org
Repair, Maintenance, and Storage of Infrastructures, Materials Tools and
Equipment
Ampolitoz (Feb. 19,2017) Repair, Maintenance, and Storage of Infrastructures
Materials, Tools and Equipment
https://www.docuri.c
29
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Division of Bukidnon
Office Address: Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Telephone Number: (088) 813-3634
Email Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph
Website: depedbukidnon.net.ph

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