Aula sobre Presente Perfeito

1. PRESENTE PERFEITO (Present Perfect)

2. → Se situa entre o passado e o presente;
→ Usado quando expressamos alguma ação no passado que tem repercussão no presente
ou ainda continua no presente;
→ Ou para ações que ocorreram em um tempo não determinado (indefinido) no passado;
→ Ou ações que foram concluídas recentemente;
→ Não há um tempo correspondente no português;
→ Sua tradução pode ser igual do Simple Past;
Present Perfect
→ Nesse tempo o verbo to have é usado como verbo auxiliar;
PRONOMES FLEXÃO DO VERBO TO HAVE
I, We, You, They Have
He, She, It Has
ATENÇÃO: ele pode aparecer
como verbo auxiliar e como
verbo principal na mesma frase.

3. → Nesse tempo, assim como na voz passiva, teremos o verbo principal no Past
Participle
Uma forma verbal utilizada como estruturas complementares de alguns tempos
verbais; pode desempenhar o papel de adjetivos;
Past Participle:
→ Os verbos regulares, o past participle é formado pelo acréscimo de –d ou –ed;
Verbo
(Verb)
Passado Simples
(Simple Past)
Particípio Passado (Past
Participle)
Tradução (Translation)
Agree Agreed Agreed concordar
Apologize Apologized Apologized pedir desculpas
Dance Danced Danced dançar
Enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed divertir-se; apreciar
Fail Failed Failed falhar; fracassar

4. → Verbos irregulares;
Verbo (Verb)
Passado Simples (Past
Simple)
Participio Passado (Past
Participle)
Tradução (Translation)
be was/were been ser; estar
become became become tornar-se; transformar-se
break broke broken quebrar; romper
bring brought brought trazer; executar
buy bought bought comprar
choose chose chosen escolher; preferir
come came come vir; chegar
do did done fazer; cuidar; funcionar
put put put pôr; colocar

5. Estrutura da frase do Present Perfect
Sujeito + verbo auxiliar to have + verbo principal no Particípio Passado (main verb) +
complemento
Forma afirmativa (Affirmative form)
EX: My parents have visited Portugal three times.
My parents (sujeito) have (verbo auxiliar) visited (verbo principal) Portugal three times
(complemento)
Forma negativa (Negative form)
Sujeito + verbo auxiliar to have no Simple Present + not + verbo principal no Particípio
Passado + complemento
EX: My parents have not visited Portugal three times.
My parents (sujeito) have (verbo auxiliar) not visited (verbo principal) Portugal three times
(complemento)

6. Forma interrogativa (Interrogative form)
Verbo auxiliar to have + sujeito + verbo principal no Particípio Passado + complemento
EX: Have my parents visited Portugal three times?
EX: Have (verbo auxiliar) my parents (sujeito) visited (verbo principal) Portugal three times?
(complemento)
→ Formas contraídas do verbo to have
Na afirmativa
Have = ‘ve
I have = I’ve
You have = You’ve
We have = We’ve
They have = They’ve
He has = He’s
She has = She’s
It has = It’s
Não confundir com a contração do
verbo to be IS
she is = She’s
He is = He´s
It is = It´s

7. No negativo
Have + not = haven’t
Has + not = hasn’t
I have not = I haven’t
You have not = You haven’t
We have not = We haven’t
They have not = They haven’t
He has not = He hasn’t
She has not = She hasn’t
It has not = It’s hasn’t

8. Os usos:
a) Ações que começaram no passado e continuam até o presente.
She has worked at the hospital since April. (Ela trabalha/ tem trabalhado no hospital desde
abril).
I have exercised at the gym lately. (Eu tenho me exercitado na academia ultimamente).
They have organized their wedding. (Eles têm organizado o casamento deles).
b) Ações que ocorreram em um tempo não determinado (indefinido) no
passado.
I have been to the U.S.A. (Eu estive nos E.U.A.)
She has traveled to England. (Ela viajou para a Inglaterra).
You have made a delicious apple pie. (Você fez uma torta de maçã deliciosa).
c) Ações que acabaram de acontecer.
They have just left. (Eles acabaram de sair).
Jane has just made the lunch. (Jane acabou de preparar o almoço).
I have just done the dishes. (Acabei de lavar a louça).

9. TIP:
a) Use EVER em perguntas sobre experiências.
Have you ever been to an amusement park?
a) Use NEVER para falar sobre experiências não aconteceram até o
momento.
I have never been to an amusement park

10. 1) Write the sentences into the interrogative (a) and the negative (b).
→ I have walked across the Golden Gate Bridge.
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
→ I have been to Alcatraz and I really enjoyed it.
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
→ I have visited Grace Cathedral yet.
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
Have you walked across the Golden Gate Bridge?
I haven’t walked across the Golden Gate Bridge.
Have you been to Alcatraz?
I haven’t been to Alcatraz.
Have you visited Grace Cathedral?
I haven’t visited Grace Cathedral yet.

11. YET, ALREADY, JUST AND STILL
→ YET significa já quando é usado nas frases interrogativas, e ainda quando usado nas
frases negativas. Nos dois casos aparece sempre no final da frase. É usado para expressar
que se espera que aconteça.
EX: They haven’t arrived yet. (Eles ainda não chegaram.)
Have they arrived yet? (Eles já chegaram?)
→ ALREADY (já): é usado em frases afirmativas e interrogativas e aparece entre o verbo
auxiliar e o verbo principal.
EX: They have already arrived. (afirmativa/affirmative)
Have they already arrived? (interrogativa/interrogative)
→ JUST: Utilizado em situações que acabaram de acontecer
EX: They have just left. (Eles acabaram de sair).
Jane has just made the lunch. (Jane acabou de preparar o almoço).
→ STILL: é utilizado para informar que uma ação ainda não terminou. Assim, utilizamos
essa palavra quando nos referimos a situações que duram mais do que o esperado.

12. 3) What is the correct alternative: just, already, yet?
a. Have you danced ___________?
b. The children have ___________ solved the problem.
c. Mother has ___________ driven to the supermarket.
d. I’ve ______ ______done my exercise.
e. I have __________ had lunch.
f. Have you ___________ invited her?
g. We haven’t talked to the scientist _____________.
yet
just
just
already
just
already
yet
4) Complete as questões com a alternativa correta usando o Presente Perfeito
e os os verbos em parênteses.
a) __________ you __________ caviar, Helen? (to have/eat)
a) Has … ate
b) Have … ate
c) Have … eaten
d) Has … eaten

13. b) I __________ Mary lately. Have you?
(to have - to see)
a) haven’t seen
b) hasn’t seen
c) didn’t see
d) saw
c) She __________ to Italy since 2010.
(to have - to travel)
a) have travel
b) has travel
c) has traveled
d) have traveled
d) He __________ never __________ a
car before. (to have/ to drive)
a) has - drive
b) have - driven
c) has - driven
d) hasn’t - driven
e) How long __________ they
__________ in Spain? (to have/ to live)
a) have - live
b) has - live
c) have - lived
d) has - lived

14. 5) Faça sentenças no Present Perfect com as seguintes palavras:
a) (They / study / English)
_______________________________________________
b) (He / eat / French fries)
_______________________________________________
c) (Their family / go / to Italy)
_______________________________________________
They have studied English.
He has eaten French fries.
Their family have gone to Italy.

15. PASSADO SIMPLES
(SIMPLE PAST)

16. SIMPLE PAST
→ Usado para indicar ações passadas já concluídas, ou seja, para falar de fatos que já
aconteceram; que começaram e terminaram no passado;
→ Hábitos que aconteceram no passado e não irão mais acontecer;
EX: Jeans become popular in the 6Os Ação que começou o foi concluída no
passado
He always worked there Hábito do passado que foi concluído
→ Pode vir acompanhado do advérbios de tempo como:
● yesterday (ontem),
● the day before yesterday (anteontem),
● last night (ontem à noite),
● last year (ano passado),
● last month (mês passado),
● last week (semana passada),
● ago (atrás), etc.

17. Estrutura de frases:
Forma afirmativa (Affirmative form)
Sujeito + verbo no Simple Past + complemento
EX: She liked the English teacher.
She (sujeito) liked (verbo principal) the English teacher (complemento).
Forma negativa (Negative form)
→ Em frases negativas no Simple Past, o verbo did (passado do verbo do) é empregado como
verbo auxiliar;
→ O verbo principal não é conjugado no passado, uma vez que o auxiliar já indica o tempo
verbal.
Sujeito + verbo auxiliar (did) + not + verbo principal+ complemento
EX: She did not like the English teacher.
She (sujeito) did (verbo auxiliar) not like (verbo principal) the English teacher
(complemento).
Forma contraida: did + not = didn’t

18. Forma interrogativa (interrogative form):
→ O did é o verbo auxiliar também é utilizado para as frases interrogativas no Simple Past
→ O verbo principal não é conjugado no passado, uma vez que o auxiliar já indica o
tempo verbal.
Did (verbo auxiliar) + sujeito + verbo principal + complemento
EX: Did she like the English teacher?
Did (verbo auxiliar) she (sujeito) like (verbo principal) the English teacher (complemento).

19. PAST SIMPLE X PRESENT PERFECT
→ Usado para indicar ações passadas
já concluídas, ou seja, para falar de
fatos que já aconteceram; que
começaram e terminaram no passado;
→ Hábitos que aconteceram no
passado e não irão mais acontecer;
→ Usado com: last (year, month…), ago,
yesterday;
→ Ações que ocorreram no passado, mas
ainda tem consequência no futuro; ações
que acabaram de acontecer; ações que
estão no passado, porém não é especificada
a data e/ou tempo.

20. Present perfect Simple past
I have lived in Lyon. I lived in Lyon in 1989.
They have eaten Thai food. They ate Thai food last night.
Have ever you seen 'Othello'? Where did you see 'Othello'?
We have been to Ireland. When did you go to Ireland?

21. 1. Put the verbs in simple past or present perfect:
a) not be – happen – have – lose – not pass – spend
Last year _________ a good year for Pete and Sonia. Pete
________________ a car accident and ________________ a month in
hospital, Sonia ______________ her job, the children
___________________ their school exams, and a lot of other bad things
_________________.
a) be - buy – change – have – open – pass
This year ______________ much better. Peter _____________ his job, and
is making much more money. They __________ a new house. Sonia
___________ a small restaurant and it’s going very well. They __________ a
baby. And the other children ________all their exams this time.

22. 2) Complete as sentenças usando o present perfect ou o simple past :
A) I ___________ (to be) in the US once in my life.
B) He _____________ (see) the professor yesterday.
C) When I was a child, I _________(play) a lot in the streets with other kids.
D) I don’t know when, but we ________________ (already talk) to each other.
E) Because we __________ (don’t sleep well), yesterday ________ (to be) a tough
day.
F) She _________ (just pay) the bills.
G) We _________ (not meet) yet.
H) They ___________ (have lunch) together last week.
have been
saw
played
have already talked
didn’t sleep well
was
has just paid
haven´t met
had lunch

23. 3) Formule perguntas usando o present perfect ou o simple past com as informações
obtidas nas respostas.
A. No, she hasn’t been there.
A. Yes, they were friends of my sister.
A. Yes, he was a student at that time.
A. No, he has gone to Italy, not to France.
A. No, she was not in a good mood.
Has she been there?
Were they friends of your sister?
Was he a student at that time?
Has he gone to France?
Was she in a good mood?