#1 Denise Information Processing Model The Information Processing Model is a theory that was developed to understand how information is processed by the brain. It describes four stages where new information is developed and understood. The first stage is external and is where the person gives information their attention. It is the initial stimuli that causes the person to show interest in the information. The second step is internal and is where the person begins to process the information. At this point, the person determines if the information is relevant and worth remembering. The third stage is also an internal process where the person selects the information to be remembered and stored. This information is then placed in short term memory, where it is held for less than thirty seconds, or in the long-term memory, where the information is stored but may be difficult to retrieve (Utley, 2011). The fourth stage is an external process where the person responds to the information. External factors that can influence curriculum development is to gain the students attention. There are many ways, teachers can gain attention. Visual stimuli, touch stimuli, and sound stimuli can help gain attention. When teachers develop curriculum, they can use a PowerPoint, visual representation, show and tell items, design hands-on lessons and allow students to share their own thoughts (Cox, 2020). Touch stimuli and be used by passing around objects that pertain to the curriculum. Sound stimuli could be music, a speech, or each student presenting their own information. Internal process that can be used to influence curriculum are how a teacher presents the information. A presenter can lump information into smaller organized groups to help students memorize information (Utley, 2020). Another way a presenter can help students memorize information is link it, write it down, use mnemonics, or create songs or jingles (The Learning Center: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, n.d.). Linking or showing a connection with information that a student already knows can help the student link the information together in their long-term memory. Presenters can pass out handouts that have the information noted so the student can return to the information at a later date. Presenters can give students phrases that connect information together. For example, the phrase: my (Mercury) very (Venus) educated (Earth) mother (Mars) just (Jupiter) sat (Saturn) upon (Uranus) nine (Neptune) pies (Pluto) is a mnemonic for the planets in the solar system (I learned this in elementary school). Songs and jingles can also help with memorization.             Nursing educators can impact external stimuli by making the information interesting and relevant in what they students are learning an using. For example, when a student is in labor and delivery, combine information that they are using in class as well as what they are doing in clinicals. Nursing is not only about critical thinking; i ...

1. #1 Denise
Information Processing Model
The Information Processing Model is a theory that was
developed to understand how information is processed by the
brain. It describes four stages where new information is
developed and understood. The first stage is external and is
where the person gives information their attention. It is the
initial stimuli that causes the person to show interest in the
information. The second step is internal and is where the person
begins to process the information. At this point, the person
determines if the information is relevant and worth
remembering. The third stage is also an internal process where
the person selects the information to be remembered and stored.
This information is then placed in short term memory, where it
is held for less than thirty seconds, or in the long-term memory,
where the information is stored but may be difficult to retrieve
(Utley, 2011). The fourth stage is an external process where the
person responds to the information. External factors that can
influence curriculum development is to gain the students
attention. There are many ways, teachers can gain attention.
Visual stimuli, touch stimuli, and sound stimuli can help gain
attention. When teachers develop curriculum, they can use a
PowerPoint, visual representation, show and tell items, design
hands-on lessons and allow students to share their own thoughts
(Cox, 2020). Touch stimuli and be used by passing around
objects that pertain to the curriculum. Sound stimuli could be
music, a speech, or each student presenting their own
information. Internal process that can be used to influence
curriculum are how a teacher presents the information. A
presenter can lump information into smaller organized groups to
help students memorize information (Utley, 2020). Another way
a presenter can help students memorize information is link it,
write it down, use mnemonics, or create songs or jingles (The
Learning Center: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,

2. n.d.). Linking or showing a connection with information that a
student already knows can help the student link the information
together in their long-term memory. Presenters can pass out
handouts that have the information noted so the student can
return to the information at a later date. Presenters can give
students phrases that connect information together. For
example, the phrase: my (Mercury) very (Venus) educated
(Earth) mother (Mars) just (Jupiter) sat (Saturn) upon (Uranus)
nine (Neptune) pies (Pluto) is a mnemonic for the planets in the
solar system (I learned this in elementary school). Songs and
jingles can also help with memorization.
Nursing educators can impact external stimuli by
making the information interesting and relevant in what they
students are learning an using. For example, when a student is
in labor and delivery, combine information that they are using
in class as well as what they are doing in clinicals. Nursing is
not only about critical thinking; it is applying the information
that is learned with a real-life person in the hospital.
#2 Bindu
Teaching and scholarship are a critical part of the theoretical
foundations in the discipline of education. Knowledge of
conceptual frameworks, theories, and models should also be
included.(Melrose et al., 2015)
There are different components of theoretical foundation which
are:
The scholarship of teaching and learning
· Common conceptual frameworks
· Constructivism
· Transformational learning
· Self-direction
· Experimental learning
· Collaboration (Melrose et al., 2015).
Critical learning and critical reflection are essential to
transformational learning. Throughout nursing education, we
frequently see this type of thing. Students are encouraged to use

3. critical thinking in their learning styles by nurse educators.
Analysis, assessment, and reconstruction are required in order
to correctly understand the process. A example of critical
learning that comes to my mind is cases studies. When I
attended nursing school, the students must do care plans and
case studies. In the care plan, I had to pick a patient from my
clinicals and I must give care to that patient for a minimum of
three days. I must create a care plan consisting of ADPIE (
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation and
Evaluation). Once you have completed the care plan, it is used
to weigh as part of the clinical skills. My professors also throw
different scenarios where they expect the students to use critical
thinking to resolve the problem.
PHILOSOPHICAL
A nurse educator must have adopted a philosophy or
philosophies for planning, implementing, and evaluating the
school curriculum.
Philosophical foundation of nursing education is based on the
following:
· Behaviorism
· Cognitivism
· Humanism
· Sociology and curriculum.(Alvior, 2015)
There are different domains in behaviorism. They included
cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Psychomotor
domain is also known as the “skills” domain. In this domain,
students will use both gross and fine motor skills such as
writing, using different equipment or even performing
procedures. Different methods of teaching are used in order to
develop the motor skills. (Bastable, 2019) During my clinical
times, my clinical educator would demonstrate the skill to the
students. We then return had to do a return demonstration three
times in the clinics. Once that is completed, we were tested on
the knowledge of the skill before getting the signature of the
instructor in our skills book. Faculty continues to be responsible
for curriculum development and evaluation and is part of the

4. process for collecting information about the internal frame
factors that impact the educational program. Internal frame
considerations include the parent academic institution's
definition and organizational structure; mission and intent,
theory, and goals; internal economic environment and its effect
on the curriculum; resources within the institution (laboratories,
classrooms, library, learning facilities, instructional technology
support, student services, and so on); as well as future faculty
and students characteristics.
There is a strong connection between health problems and the
sociopolitical and economic characteristics of the societies in
which people live, work, and play. Practicing nurses must be
trained to deal effectively with a range of complex issues
including bioterrorism, climate change, global and domestic
violence, economic recession, obesity, teen pregnancy,
emerging infectious diseases, and increasingly drug-resistant
organisms by understanding the broad determinants of
health.External factors affect the program in a number of ways.
Their actions have an impact on the environment in which
nurses work and study, for example. The present state of society
and overall wellbeing is described in these reports.
Additionally, they contribute to the intricate web of causes,
contributing to wellbeing and illness.Nursing professionals need
to be knowledgeable about these topics if they are to maintain
health and prolong lives. According to both viewpoints, topics
outside of nursing provide a crucial framework for nursing's
perception of social needs and features, and thus contribute to
the foundation needed for modern curriculum development.
#1
Denise
Information
Processing

5. Mode
l
The
Information
Processing
Model
is
a
theory
that
was
developed
to
understand
how
information
is
processed

6. by
the
brain.
It
describes
four
stages
where
new
information
is
developed
and
understood.
The
first
stage
is

7. external
and
is
where
the
person
gives
i
nformation
their
attention.
It
is
the
initial
stimuli
that
causes
the

8. person
to
show
interest
in
the
information.
The
second
step
is
internal
and
is
where
the
person
begins

9. to
process
the
information.
At
this
point,
the
person
determines
if
the
information
is
relevant
and
worth
remembering.

10. The
third
stage
is
also
an
internal
process
where
the
person
selects
the
information
to
be
remembered
and

11. stored.
This
information
is
then
placed
in
short
term
memory,
where
it
is
held
for
less
than
thirty

12. seconds,
or
in
the
long
-
term
memory,
where
the
information
is
stored
but
may
be
difficult
to
retrieve

13. (Utley,
2011).
The
fourth
stage
is
an
external
process
where
the
person
responds
to
the
information.
External
factors

14. that
can
influence
curriculum
development
is
to
ga
in
the
students
attention.
There
are
many
ways,
teachers
can

15. gain
attention.
Visual
stimuli,
touch
stimuli,
and
sound
stimuli
can
help
gain
attention.
When
teachers
develop
curriculum,
they

16. can
use
a
PowerPoint,
visual
representation,
show
and
tell
items,
design
hands
-
on
lessons
and
allow
students
to

17. share
their
own
thoughts
(Cox,
2020).
Touch
stimuli
and
be
used
by
passing
around
objects
that
pertain
to

18. the
curriculum.
Sound
stimuli
could
be
music,
a
speech,
or
each
student
presenting
their
own
information
.
Internal
process

19. that
can
be
used
to
influence
curriculum
are
how
a
teacher
presents
the
information.
A
presenter
can
lump

20. information
into
smaller
organized
groups
to
help
students
memorize
information
(Utley,
2020).
Another
way
a
presenter
can
help

21. stu
dents
memorize
information
is
link
it,
write
it
down,
use
mnemonics,
or
create
songs
or
jingles
(The

22. Learning
Center:
University
of
North
Carolina
at
Chapel
Hill,
n.d.).
Linking
or
showing
a
connection
with
information
that

23. a
student
already
knows
can
help
the
student
link
the
information
together
in
their
long
-
term
memory.
Presenters

24. can
pass
out
handouts
that
have
the
information
noted
so
the
student
can
return
to
the
information
at

25. a
later
date.
Presenters
can
give
students
phrases
that
connect
informati
on
together.
For
example,
the
phrase:
my
(Mercury)

26. very
(Venus)
educated
(Earth)
mother
(Mars)
just
(Jupiter)
sat
(Saturn)
upon
(Uranus)
nine
(Neptune)
pies
(Pluto)
is
a

27. mnemonic
for
the
planets
in
the
solar
system
(I
learned
this
in
elementary
school).
So
ngs
and
jingles

28. can
also
help
with
memorization
.
Nursing
educators
can
impact
external
stimuli
by
making
the
information
interesting
and

29. relevant
in
what
they
students
are
learning
an
using.
For
example,
when
a
student
is
in
labor
and

30. delivery,
combine
information
that
they
are
using
in
class
as
well
as
what
they
are
doing
in
clinicals.

31. Nursing
is
not
only
about
critical
thinking;
it
is
applying
the
information
that
is
learned
with
a
real

32. -
life
person
in
the
hospital
.
#2
Bindu
T
eaching and scholarship are a critica
l part of the theoretical foundations in
the discipline of education. Knowledge of conceptual
frameworks, theories,
and models should also be included.(Melrose et al., 2015)
There are different components of theoretical foundation which
are:
#1 Denise
Information Processing Model
The Information Processing Model is a theory that was
developed to understand how
information is processed by the brain. It describes four stages
where new information is
developed and understood. The first stage is external and is
where the person gives

33. information their attention. It is the initial stimuli that causes
the person to show interest in
the information. The second step is internal and is where the
person begins to process the
information. At this point, the person determines if the
information is relevant and worth
remembering. The third stage is also an internal process where
the person selects the
information to be remembered and stored. This information is
then placed in short term
memory, where it is held for less than thirty seconds, or in the
long-term memory, where the
information is stored but may be difficult to retrieve (Utley,
2011). The fourth stage is an
external process where the person responds to the information.
External factors that can
influence curriculum development is to gain the students
attention. There are many ways,
teachers can gain attention. Visual stimuli, touch stimuli, and
sound stimuli can help gain
attention. When teachers develop curriculum, they can use a
PowerPoint, visual
representation, show and tell items, design hands-on lessons and
allow students to share their
own thoughts (Cox, 2020). Touch stimuli and be used by
passing around objects that pertain
to the curriculum. Sound stimuli could be music, a speech, or
each student presenting their
own information. Internal process that can be used to influence
curriculum are how a teacher
presents the information. A presenter can lump information into
smaller organized groups to
help students memorize information (Utley, 2020). Another way
a presenter can help students
memorize information is link it, write it down, use mnemonics,
or create songs or jingles (The

34. Learning Center: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
n.d.). Linking or showing a
connection with information that a student already knows can
help the student link the
information together in their long-term memory. Presenters can
pass out handouts that have
the information noted so the student can return to the
information at a later date. Presenters
can give students phrases that connect information together. For
example, the phrase: my
(Mercury) very (Venus) educated (Earth) mother (Mars) just
(Jupiter) sat (Saturn) upon
(Uranus) nine (Neptune) pies (Pluto) is a mnemonic for the
planets in the solar system (I
learned this in elementary school). Songs and jingles can also
help with memorization.
Nursing educators can impact external stimuli by
making the information interesting
and relevant in what they students are learning an using. For
example, when a student is in
labor and delivery, combine information that they are using in
class as well as what they are
doing in clinicals. Nursing is not only about critical thinking; it
is applying the information
that is learned with a real-life person in the hospital.
#2 Bindu
Teaching and scholarship are a critical part of the theoretical
foundations in
the discipline of education. Knowledge of conceptual
frameworks, theories,
and models should also be included.(Melrose et al., 2015)
There are different components of theoretical foundation which
are: