pharmacy

1. LEPROSY
(Hansen's Disease)
Presented By
Lokesh Mahajan & Sumit Kumkar

2. Points To Be Learn
• Introduction
• Classification
• Pathogenesis
• Sign & Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

3. Introduction
• Leprosy is a infection caused by slow-growing bacteria
called mycobacterium leprae
• It is slowly devloping (from six months to 40
years),progressive disease that damages skin and nervous
system
• Causative agent M.leprae,was discovered by G.H.Armauer
Hansen ,in Norway (1873)
• The disease is termed as Chronic Granulomatous
Disease,similar to tuberculosis,because it produces
inflammotory nodules in the skin and nerves

4. Introduction
• Mode of transmission
Leprosy is a slow communicable disease and
period between first exposure and appearance of signs of
disease varies from 2 to 20 yrs.
The infectivity may be from the following sources:
1. Direct contact with untreated leprosy patients who shed
numerous bacilli from damaged skin, nasal secretions,
mucous membrane of mouth and hair follicles.
2. Materno-foetal transmission across the placenta.
3. Transmission from milk of leprosy patient to infant.

5. Classification
Paucibacillary or tuberculoid
leprosy
Multibacillary or
Lepromatous leprosy
Borderline or
dimorphous leprosy

6. Differences
Tuberculoid Leprosy Lepromatous Leprosy
• It has restricted
pathogenic growth
• Has a relatively high cell
mediated immunity
• A less severe case of
leprosy
• Doesn't involve a higher
amount of bacterial load
• Lepromatous leprosy is
extensively spread all
over the body
• Has a poor cell
mediated immunity
• The most severe stage
• Involves a relatively
higher bacterial load

7. Borderline or Dimorphous Leprosy
• It is the most common form.
• When compared to tuberculoid or lepromatous
forms,it is of intermediate severity

8. Pathogenesis

9. Sign & Symptoms
Symptoms caused by
• Discoloured patches of skin
• Thick,stiff or dry skin
• Painless ulcers on the soles of
feet
• Swelling and lumps on feet
• Loss of eyebrows and
eyelashes
• Numbness of affected
areas of the skin.
• Muscles weakness or
paralysis
• Enlarged nerves
• Eye problems that may
lead to blindness
Damage to skin Damage to Nerves

10. Diagnosis
• Primary diagnosis
• Biopsy
• Lepromin test
• Polymerase chain reaction
• Lympocute migration inhibition test

11. • Paucibacillary leprosy is treated with two antibiotics, dapsone and
rifampicin, while multibacillary leprosy is treated with the same
drugs, in addition withanother antibiotic, clofazimine.
• Recently, the WHO suggested that single-dose treatment of
patients with only one skin lesion with rifampicin, minocycline
(Minocin), or ofloxacin (Floxin) is effective.
Treatment