This PowerPoint presentation is about the Flora of Bihar. I have gathered the information for this PPT from the Internet. It is very informational and educative. It will help a lot.

1. Flora of Bihar
Welcome
By Manomay Shubham, Class 8B, Delhi
Public School, Patna

2. India is a vast and diverse nation.
• Each state boasts of its unique features. As soon as we cross over to one state from
another, we will notice a distinct change in all possible aspects.
• One Indian state that has attracted tourists from all directions is Bihar. Apart from the
rich culture, heritage and the history of the area, flora and fauna will also mesmerize
both national and international tourists.
• Bihar plain is divided by the River Ganges into North and South Bihar, and it lies
completely in the Subtropical region of the Temperate Zone, and has a subtropical climate.
• This climatic condition impacts the diverse and manifold flora of the region
directly.

3. • There is no scarcity of fertile land, due to the deposition of silt
which makes this part ideal for agricultural and natural growth
of plants, which are indigenous to this area.
• Different parts of Bihar have different vegetations.
• Bihar contains sub-Himalayan foothills and mountains with
moist deciduous forest, mixed shrubs, grass and reeds.
Discovering the diverse flora of
Bihar...

4. • The western part of Bihar shares the damp climate of West
Bengal. The concentration of the mahua trees is high in this
area.
• The population of these trees fades as you travel towards
central Bihar. The vegetation in the central area mainly
comprises of shrubs and bushes.
Let's take a tour of the manifold and
assorted flora of Bihar ….

5. Peepal :
• is the state tree of Bihar;
• It's a species of fig;
• The sacred fig is considered to have a religious significance in
Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.
• Hindu and Jain ascetics consider the tree to be sacred and often
meditate under them.
• Hindus do pradakshina (circumambulation, or meditative pacing) around
the sacred fig tree as a mark of worship.
• Peepal is used in traditional medicine for about fifty types of disorders
including asthma, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, gastric problems.
Kachnar :
• has garnered the honor of the state flower of Bihar;
• It's a species of flowering shrub;
• It is widely cultivated throughout the tropics as an ornamental plant.
• The white flowers of kachnar are used to worship Lakshmi, the goddess
of wealth and Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge.

6. TULSI
Tulsi :
• It’s an aromatic perennial plant;
• Tulsi is cultivated for religious and traditional medicine purposes, and also for
its essential oil.
• It is widely used as a herbal tea, commonly used in Ayurveda.
• And has a place in Hinduism, in which devotees perform worship involving holy basil
plants or leaves.
• Tulsi, Tulasi or Vrinda (Holy Basil) is a sacred plant in Hindu belief.
• Hindus regard it as an earthly manifestation of the goddess Tulsi; she is regarded as the
avatar of Lakshmi, and thus the consort of the god Vishnu.
• In other legends, she is called Vrinda and distinct from Lakshmi. Many Hindus have tulsi
plants growing in front of or near their home, often in special pots or a special masonry
structure known as Tulsi Vrindavan as this is related to their culture.
• While tree worship is not uncommon in Hinduism, the Tulsi plant is regarded as the
holiest of all plants.

7. Mahua :
• It's an Indian tropical tree;
• In many parts of Bihar, such as villages in the district of Siwan, the flowers
of mahua tree are sun-dried and these sun-dried flowers are ground to
flour and used to make various kinds of breads.
• The fat (solid at ambient temperature) is used for the care of the skin, to
manufacture soap or detergents, and as a vegetable butter.
• The seed cakes obtained after extraction of oil constitute very good
fertilizer. Several parts of the tree, including the bark, are used for their
medicinal properties.
• The leaves of Mahua are fed on by the moth Antheraea paphia, which
produces tassar silk.
Sal :
• It's evergreen in drier areas, and in drier areas it is dry-season deciduous;
• In Hindu tradition, the sal tree is said to be favoured by Vishnu.
• Sal is one of the most important sources of hardwood timber in India.
• Sal seeds and fruit are a source of lamp oil and vegetable fat.
• The seed oil is extracted from the seeds and used as cooking oil after
refining.
• It is used as an astringent in Ayurvedic medicine, burned as incense in
Hindu ceremonies, and used to caulk boats and ships.
• The sal tree is also known as "sakhua".

8. Tendu/Kendu :
• It's a flowering tree;
• Locally it is known by its Hindi name tendu.
• The olive-green fruit of the tree is edible.
• The leaves can be wrapped around tobacco to create the Indian beedi.
Bahera :
• It's a large deciduous tree;
• The seeds are called bedda nuts.
• Its fruit is used in the popular Indian herbal rasayana treatment triphala.
• In the Charaka Samhita, the ancient Ayurvedic text, Bibhitaki fruits are mentioned as
having qualities to alleviate disease, and bestow longevity, intellectual prowess and
strength.
• This kernels are eaten by the Lodha people for their mind-altering qualities.
Sugarcane :
• It's a tall perennial grass
• Raw sugarcane is chewed to extract the juice, sugarcane juice and jaggery are also
obtained from it.
• Many gods and goddesses are depicted through mythology as holding sugarcane,
which symbolises firmness, straightforwardness with a core of sweetness within.

9. Asna/Asan :
• It is a prominent part of both dry and moist deciduous forests;
• The wood is used for furniture.
• The leaves are used as food by Antheraea paphia (silkworms) which produce the
tassar silk.
• The bark is used medicinally against diarrhoea.
• Oxalic acid can be extracted from it.
• Water stored in the stem is often tapped and used as a source of potable water in the
summer by forest folk.
• In Theravada Buddhism, a tree of this kind is said to have been used as the tree for
achieving enlightenment by the twentieth Buddha called “Tissa”
Bael :
• It's an important tree in Hinduism, its leaves are much sought after for the worship of
the three-eyed Lord Shiva.
• Incidentally, here it is suggested that the Goddess Lakshmi resides in the plant.
• Bael trees are considered an incarnation of Goddess Sati.
• The fruits can be eaten either fresh from trees or after being dried and produced into
candy, toffee.
• It can be made into sharbat, also called as Bael pana.

10. Arjuna :
The arjuna is one of the species whose -
• Leaves are fed on by the Antheraea paphia moth which produces the tassar silk.
• The arjuna was in Ayurveda as a treatment for heart disease
• It is traditionally prepared as a milk decoction.
• It is mentioned that Arjuna tree was used in the treatment of wounds, hemorrhages
and ulcers, applied topically as a powder.
• In Theravada Buddhism, Arjuna is said to have been used as the tree for achieved
enlightenment, by the tenth Buddha called "Anomadassi Buddha".
Kadamba :
• It is an evergreen, tropical tree;
• The flowers are used in perfumes.
• The tree is grown as an ornamental plant and for timber and paper-making.
• Kadamba features in Indian religions and mythologies.
• This tree is often seen in depictions of Krishna, whether he is playing the flute as a
cowherd, surrounded by gopis in a raas or when he hides up in its branches while
they bathe and as seated on a swing with his Radha. Not only temple art and
sculpture in Northern India, but also miniature painting styles bring in the tree, which
is religiously significant in the Vaishnav tradition.

11. Some of the other types of
flora in Bihar are.....

12. Wrightia antidysenterica (Kutaja) :
• The coral swirl or tellicherry bark, is a flowering plant;
• It has long been known in Indian Ayurvedic tradition.
• It is known in Sanskrit as kuṭaja or ambikā.
• Wrightia antidysenterica may be useful in treating gut motility disorders;
• The juice of this plant is a potent ingredient for a mixture of wall plaster, according to
the Samarāṅgaṇa Sūtradhāra, which is a Sanskrit treatise dealing with Śilpaśāstra
(Hindu science of art and construction).
Ziziphus xylopyrus (Jujab /Katber) :
• A large shrub or small tree;
• Bark and leaf powder paste are applied externally for chest pain arising from cough.
• In stomach ache and indigestion, fruit powder (3-4 g) is administered with a pinch of
ginger powder thrice in a day.
• In different parts of India this plant is also used in the treatment of diarrhoea.
• Leaf paste is applied on pimples.
• The bark is used as dental sticks for teeth cleaning.

13. Flemingia chappar :
• Deciduous perennial plant;
• The plant (part not specified) is used in the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria, insomnia
and to relieve pain.
• The roots are used in the treatment of epilepsy, insomnia, acidity and stomach
disorders.
• The pounded or powdered root is taken internally in the treatment of filariasis.
• One to two drops of juice extracted from the pressed seeds is put in the eyes as a
remedy in eye troubles and also to remove cataract
• The wood is used for toothbrushes.
Butea parviflora (Maula) :
• A flowering tree;
• Because of the tree’s bright reddish orange colored Tesu blooms, it is also referred to
as Flame of the Forest.
• Butea Parviflora is regarded as the “Treasurer of the gods.”
• Sacred utensils are made from the tree’s wood.
• Flower offerings are made to the goddess, Kali.
• Dried stem fragments are burned as sacred fires.
• Ayurvedic medicine has long used the bark, flowers, and gum to heal many health
ailments.
• Today’s scientists are now taking a closer look at Butea Parviflora for prevention of
hair loss.

14. If we are interested in spending
some quality time with nature,
then a trip to Bihar must be on
our bucket list.