coursera Safety In The Utility Industry (Health & Safety)

Safety in the Utility
Industry

Contents
Monday, December 11, 2023 By Engr. MAHWISH MEMON 2
CHAPTER 01: The Basics
• Dangers
• Utility Workplace Culture
• Responsibilities
• Nuclear & Natural Gas
CHAPTER 02: Hazards & Response
• Hazards
• Non-electrical Hazards
• First Aid Symptoms
• First Aid Treatment
CHAPTER 03: Preparing for Hazards in the
Workplace
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for General
Industry
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Electric Utility
Industry
• Use-case Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Equipment Guidelines
CHAPTER 04: Safety Administration &
Management
• Federal Agencies
• Environmental Policies
• Community Safety Legislation
• OSHA Regulations
• Company Safety Policies

Objectives
• Recognize Danger,
• Recall The History Of Safety,
• State Safety Aspects In The Workplace,
• Discuss How To Control Your Own Safety
On The Job, and
• Identifying Necessary Precautions For Issues
In Specific Industries.
Chapter 01 :The
Basics

Chapter 01 :The Basics
1.1 Dangers
By Engr. MAHWISH MEMON
 There's always a risk of electrical hazards at home or on the job when working with
power tools or on electrical circuits.
 Utility workers have a greater risk. They're exposed to more hazards, especially
electrical hazards on the job due to the use of a variety of tools and machinery.
Dynamic outdoor weather conditions varying levels of experience and other factors
not common in-home settings.
 Energy and electrical trade workers encounter a variety of occupational hazards due
to the nature of their work. Although many of these occupational hazards are specific
to the electrical trade, electricity is the most common source of occupational fatalities
and serious injuries.

1.1 Dangers
 Electrical trade workers must pay special attention to electrical hazards to prevent
injury and maintain a safe working environment. Contact with an electrical voltage
can cause current to flow through the body, resulting in electrical shock, burns, or
even death.
 It's not uncommon for people in society to use electricity without much regard for
safety. Because electricity is a familiar convenient part of our lives, it is not always
treated with enough caution. As a result, on average, one person is electrocuted on
the job every day of every year.
 What have we done to address
these conditions?

1.1 Dangers
• In 1903, the US Bureau of Labor began publishing studies of occupational fatalities and illnesses, and certain traits, as well
as other unsafety health topics.
• In 1912, the Bureau released a study of industrial accidents in the iron and steel industries in addition to a survey of safety
and health conditions in the American workplace.
• During the 1960s occupational injuries and illnesses were increasing in number and severity. Disabling injuries increased by
20% throughout the 60s, and approximately 14,000 workers died on the job annually. Amongst an increased public uproar
against this rising injury and death rates on the job, the government recognized the need to create a national safety regulatory
agency.
• After nearly a century of efforts by the government to mitigate the vulnerabilities of employees exposed to workplace
hazards, President Richard Nixon signed the occupational safety and health act, otherwise known as OSHA into law on
December 29th, 1970.
• The OSHA Act of 1970 is the most important factor of why today's workplace is much safer than those prior to its being
signed into law. Since the inception of OSHA, overall workplace fatalities have been cut by more than 60 percent, and
incidence rates of occupational injury and illness have declined by 40 percent. Although dramatic advances in health and
safety had been established through local state and federal regulations, there are still thousands of work-related fatalities and
life-altering injuries annually. We must continue to reinforce the need for safer environments.
History

1.1 Self check…
1. Contact with an electrical voltage can cause current to flow through the body, resulting in
electrical shock, burns, or even death.
a) True
b) False
2. How many people are electrocuted on the job every day of every year?
a) 1
b) 1000
c) 100
d) 10
3. Which president signed into law The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970?
a) John F. Kennedy
b) Richard M. Nixon
c) William J. Clinton
d) Donald J. Trump

1.2 Utility Workplace Culture
 Employers, employees, and customers have an obligation to
work together to create a safety culture. This holds true for all
sectors including the Energy and Utilities Industry.
 Employers must consider the safety of their employees, and
employees must consider the safety of the customer's.
Employers
employees
customers.

 Why do we want to consider enhancing our workplace safety culture?
 The Liberty Mutual workplace safety index estimated $60 billion of cost in 2017 was due to workplace
injuries. The cost of workplace injuries goes beyond simple monetary costs.
 They have physical, operational, and financial consequences as well.
 Let's look at some of the potential costs of accidents.

1. physical accident.: These can result in
 injury,
 disability, and
 death.
2. operational accidents: Some potential costs include
 repair and replacement of equipment,
 implications of public image, and
 regulatory repercussions.
3. Financial: These could be
 lower operational effectiveness,
 and or the loss production

 What we need are consistent safe work practices and a commitment of personal responsibility from all to create
and maintain a safe workplace.?
 Safety at all levels and sectors of a company is integral to personal well-being, and operational effectiveness.
 Companies must make it a priority to create an atmosphere that places an emphasis on safety, and all levels of
employees throughout the company must be involved.
 Management can drive and motivate safety leadership. Although employee involvement is vital, management is
responsible for establishing opportunities for employees' commitment to safety.
 Employees must know that company leadership is fully committed to safety. Sticking to establish policies and
procedures endorses the commitment to safety. Management must be clear that all employees adhere to the company's
safety policies and procedures without exception

 Let's look at some employer responsibilities.
 Employers should ensure compliance with OSHA standards and regulations.
 Employers provide employees with the training, tools, and equipment needed to perform responsibilities safely.
 Employers should develop safety and health programs, policies, and procedures along with conducting routine
observations and scrutiny.
 Employers should keep records. Make sure to resolve safety and health issues in a timely manner and inform workers of
their rights and responsibilities.
 Employers are also responsible for investigating, or resolving all allegations of unsafe practices and violations and
employers should always maintain confidentiality and privacy.
It is important to establish a company culture of safety by encouraging all employees to partake in creating and
maintaining a safe workplace.

 Major elements for an effective workplace safety and health program.
1. Leadership
 Awareness,
⁕ safety committees, safety posters, and safety bulletin boards to name a few.
 commitment,
⁕ management and employee involvement
 Incentive
⁕ of rewards for safety performance, and awards for maintaining safe work practices
2. consistent Actions,
 To maintain consistent action, there must be
⁕ effective hazard prevention and control.
⁕ worksite hazard analysis,
⁕ toolbox safety meetings at all job sites
⁕ daily job site briefings

3. education.
 To achieve maximum unstructured, you must establish conventions of
⁕ safety rules,
⁕ Safety standards,
⁕ Safety procedures,
⁕ effective safety and health training for all categories of employees.
To do all of these, we must constantly be aware of conditions in our work areas that can produce injuries. No employee is
required to work at a job he or she knows is not safe. Your cooperation in detecting hazards, and in turn controlling them as a
condition of your employment

1.2 Self check…
1. Physical Accidents can result in:
a) Death
b) Disability
c) Injury
d) All of the above
2. Does your employer have to ensure compliance with OSHA Standards and Regulations?
a) True
b) False

1.3 Responsibilities
• It's mandated by federal law, employees must comply with the OSHA act. Employees who disregard OSHA
regulations by blatantly committing unsafe acts or creating unsafe conditions or putting themselves in a position to
be let go.
• For OSHA grants for immediate termination and most companies include drinking alcohol or using drugs prior to or
during work hours, fighting, stealing, willful damage to property,
• failure to wear required personal protective equipment or PPE including eye and hearing protection, safety
helmets, and all as required. Failure to comply with tool and equipment operation procedures, inappropriately
altering safety guards, barriers, and old guardrails,
 failure to follow, and recognize industrial practices, engaging in dangerous horseplay,
 failing to notify the company of hazardous situations,
 failing to notify the company of injuries and deliberately providing inaccurate information in incident reports.

• Most employers expect their employees to be responsible, ethical and have strong integrity.
• Employers need to be able to pin on employees to maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
• They can look for certain characteristics indicative of an individual who will contribute positively to a company's
Safety Culture.
• Employees should strive to be good communicators and share knowledge, best practices and awareness to help
prevent accidents and maintain safe workplaces.
• All employees must treat each other with respect and maintain a collaborative work environment. Workplaces should
be without discrimination or harassment and provide equal opportunities to all employees.
• Ideal employees work in accordance with applicable safety and health laws, they are independently motivated to
make choices benefiting themselves and others, they are safety conscious, they recognize when they are increasing
their likelihood of injury due to fatigue, illness or other and as for dismissal from a task and they live drug free lives.

• Substance abuse places a major burden on the workplace. The impact from employee substance abuse extends
beyond individual employee.
• Drugs and alcohol can impair workers’ judgment and coordination which can lead to an increased risk of accidents
and injuries.
• Workplace substance abuse is a serious problem especially in environments where co-workers rely on each other for
safety. Be a good co-worker and help your fellow employees by encouraging them to practice safety. Many
employees have confidential, third-party centers that work with employees with substance abuse problems.
• Employers recognize the value of their employees and want to encourage them to resolve their addictions rather
than losing their jobs.
• Another resource is the Department of Labor's Public outreach initiative called working partners for an alcohol and
drug free workplace.

• They assist employers to develop drug-free workplace programs.
• Drug-free workplace programs help improve workplace safety and health in organizations of all sizes and in all
industries. Generally, drug-free workplace programs include the following components;
• drug free workplace policies,
• supervisor training,
• employee education, e
• employee assistance and
• drug testing.
• Effective employee education programs provide information to improve work performance, health and personal
choices. Let's look at some health and wellness programs that are available. Employees are encouraged to take part
in activities that promote healthy and safe lifestyles.

• Companies also value your employee's opinion and encourage suggestions for improvements.
• What advancements could you suggest to make you feel safer and healthier?
• Here's how you can help;
• identify ways to improve existing policies and procedures,
• help develop goals,
• recommend resources to attain company goals,
• recommend training and education topics,
• help develop their plans and provide constructive evaluations of offerings available by your employer.

1.3 Self check…
1. As mandated by Federal Law, all employees must comply with:
a) OSHAAct of 1970
b) Clean Air Act of 1970
c) Environmental Protection Act of 1970
2. According to OSHA, “Drinking alcohol or using drugs prior to or during working hours” are not grounds for
immediate termination from employment.
a) False
b) True
3. Drug-Free workplace programs __________ workplace safety and health in organizations of all sizes and in all
industries.
a) Decrease
b) Increase

1.4 Nuclear & Natural Gas
• To ensure the safe operation of nuclear facilities, the US Department of Energy or DOE, establishes standards for
enforcing security at license sites.
• Sites must be prepared to detect, assess, and neutralize threats by establishing, maintaining, and implementing
safeguards, and physical security, cybersecurity, and personnel security.
• The protection of physical property and nuclear facilities includes
• physical protection of plants and materials including during transit,
• material control and inventory,
• security clearances,
• area barriers and controls,
• intrusion detection and response, and
• assessment of alarm triggers.

• The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission or NRC, licenses must establish, implement, and maintain a cybersecurity
program that safeguards critical national security information and restricted data.
• The NRC requires stringent computer and communication systems protection, including safety-related functions,
security functions, and emergency preparedness functions.
• Personnel security measures at nuclear facilities include:
• criteria and procedures for determining eligibility for access of special nuclear materials,
• access authorization for personnel, and evaluation of qualifications for duty.
• Supplemental to OSHA's standards, the US Department of Energy imposes special requirements for protecting
individuals from hazards associated with working with nuclear materials.
• These include standards for internal and external exposure, monitoring of individuals and areas, entry control
programs, posting and labeling, records and reports, radioactive contamination control and safety, and emergency
exposure situations

• Employees working with natural gas must be aware of the safety elements to
remain safe.
• Natural gas is reliable and safe as long as it is used properly. Additionally, the
related equipment must be properly maintained. As natural gas is odorless when
taken from the ground.
• As you may recall, a harmless, pungent odorize called mercaptan is added as a
safety precaution.
• The odor is so pungent, you can smell it even in small quantities. By adding an
odorizer that smells like rotten eggs, folks are able to detect small leaks and can
take measures to resolve the issue.

• How do you recognize a natural gas leak?
• There are three senses that can help: smell, hearing, and vision.
• Natural gas has no odor in its natural state, but the added odorant has a strong sulfur-like smell to indicate the
existence of a leak.
• Depending on the size and pressure, a natural gas leak may produce a quiet, hissing, or blowing sound. A
leak may cause the bleed to blow away from the source. A leak may also cause bubbling in the water,
decaying vegetation, and in otherwise, robust area may also be indication of a leak.
• When the signs just discussed occur, move a safe distance away from the source.

• Since electric spark can ignite leaking gas and cause an explosion, remember to follow these tips.
• Call the responsible energy company or 911 in an emergency.
• Do not turn off electric switches, appliances, or equipment.
• Do not start motor vehicles.
• Avoid open flames or other ignition sources.
• Stay away until the energy company or emergency responders have indicated that it is safe to return to the area.
• Service shutoff valves are located at multiple locations along the system and are used to shut off gas if needed in the
event of an emergency.
• Prevent potentially dangerous natural gas conditions by calling 811 before you dig. Otherwise, you could rupture a
buried gas line. Routinely inspect gas appliances to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

• PHMSA ensures safety in the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and emergency
response planning of nation's pipelines.
• In accordance, companies must develop and implement a transmission Integrity Management
Plan, IMP, that addresses the monitoring and maintenance of transmission pipelines for
community safety.
• Pipeline markers are used in a pipeline right away to signify there’s a buried pipe. They
typically follow the gas pipeline’s general location and route. They not only identify natural
gas, for example, is being carried through a pipe, but they also include the name of a pipeline
operator, an emergency contact number, and the area's call before you dig number, or 811
nationally.

• Federal regulations require some areas near pipelines to be designated as High Consequence Areas, HCA. An HCA is an
area or building near gas transmission pipeline, more than 20 people gather, work, or live. HCAs include schools,
churches, apartment buildings, and business establishments. While major pipeline incidents are rare, pipelines are
frequently damaged by excavation and other construction activities. When a pipeline near an HCA is damaged, the area
will be evacuated for safety reasons until the pipeline is repaired and is safe to return. Take notice of these pipeline
markers. Knowing how to safely respond to natural gas pipeline incidents can increase your safety and the safety of those
around you.

1.4 Self check…
1. When you recognize a natural gas leak there are three (3) senses that can help:
a) Temperature, Humidity, and Wind Direction
b) Time of day, Day of the week, and Month
c) Smell, Hearing, and Vision
d) Smell, Vision, and Weather Conditions
2. Pipeline markers are used in the pipeline right of way to signify that there is a buried pipe.
a) True
b) False

Chapter 01 : Evaluation …
1.What is the most common source of occupational
fatalities and serious injury?
a) Electricity
b) Thermal Burns
c) Fire
d) Lightning strike
2. In the 1960s, how many workers died annually?
a) 14,000
b) 20,000
c) 16,000
d) 13,000
3. How much were the costs of workplace-related
injuries in 2017?
a) 100 Billion
b) 50 Billion
c) 75 Billion
d) 60 Billion
4. What are some of the major elements of a workplace
safety program? Select all that apply.
a) An action
b) Education
c) Opportunity
d) Leadership
e) None of the above
5. Under OSHA guidelines, what are some of the grounds
for immediate termination? Select all that apply.
a) Fighting
b) Stealing
c) Failure to wear PPE
d) None of the above
6. Drugs and alcohol don't inhibit a worker’s judgment
and coordination. True or False.
a) False
b) True

7. Workplaces should be without discrimination or
harassment and provide opportunities only for those that
follow the rules. True or False.
a) True
b) False
8. ______ establishes standards for enforcing security at
licensed sites.
a) US Department of Energy
b) US Department of the Treasury
c) Homeland Security
d) US Department of Education
9. In the event of a natural gas leak, choose the best
step(s) to prevent an explosion. Select all that apply.
a) Don't start the motor vehicles
b) Hide
c) Run
d) Call 911
10. Who is responsible for establishing opportunities for
employees’ commitment to safety?
a) Federal Government
b) The Employee
c) Management
d) State Government

Objectives
• Recall solutions and best practices for Hazards
• recognize symptoms for certain injuries
• understand how to properly treat certain injuries
Chapter 02: Hazards & Responses

Chapter 02 : Hazards & Response
2.1 Hazards
• There are some hazards unique to the utilities and industry sector.
Therefore, special precautions and more protocols must be followed.
• Energy and utility workers must pay special attention to electrical
hazards because they work on equipment and systems that carry
electrical voltage. Coming in contact with an electrical voltage can
cause current to flow through your body resulting in electrical shock,
burns, or even serious injury or death.
• Examples of electric shock include bad wiring, exposed
components, power lines, poor insulation, improper grounding,
overload, wet conditions, faulty tools or equipment, and improper
use of personal protective equipment.

2.1 Hazards
• Electricity is one of the most common causes of fires and thermal burns in the workplace.
• Electrical fires are often caused by defective or improperly handled electrical equipment. Arcing, sparking, overheating,
friction, static electricity, electrical current leakage faults, and other electrical hazards can cause fire and explosion.
• What's the first line of defense?
• Prevention,
• compliance to procedures,
• regular inspections, and
• knowledge of potential fire hazards can help prevent accidents.

2.1 Hazards
• Five different types of fires are often referred to as A, B, C, and K.
 An A fire, including ordinary combustibles. Paper, wood, cloth, rubber, and most plastics.
 B fires, are caused by flammable liquids. Oils, gasoline, grease, solvents, lacquers
 C fire is an electrical fire. And
 K fire represents fires from cooking oils in the kitchen.
• Because there are different types of fires there are also different types of fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers are marked
with letters and symbols that indicate the types of fires they can extinguish. It is critically important to understand the
types and appropriate uses.
• Fires can actually grow if you use the incorrect extinguisher. If the fire requires a solution or liquid that might act as a
conductor, all adjacent electrical equipment must be first de-energized.
• If you work in a highly flammable environment, employees need to be trained on the hazards of fire and how to operate a
fire extinguisher in the event of an emergency. Remember the acronym PASS, for safe fire extinguisher use.

2.1 Hazards
• Remember the acronym PASS, for safe fire extinguisher use
Along with working in environments that may ignite fires, utility
workers may be required to work off the ground, causing another
safety concern

2.1 Hazards
• Whether conducting a hazard assessment or developing a comprehensive fall protection plan, think about fall hazards
before the work begins. Employees who work poles, towers, and other elevated equipment that are supported overhead
generation, transmission and distribution lines and equipment are required by OSHA to follow fall protection, and
precautionary measures.
• In addition to compliance with safe work practices and training fall protection safeguards such as personal fall protection
equipment, work positioning equipment, or travel restricting equipment are necessary for employees working at sites
above four feet off the ground.
• Employees in the energy and utility industry also face increased dangers when working with electricity. Electrical shock
occurs when a person body completes the current path between two energized conductors in an electric circuit or between
an energized conductor and a grounded surface or object.
• The severity of electrical shock depends on several factors including body resistance, circuit voltage, amount of current
flowing through the body, the current path through the body, area of contact and the duration of contact

2.1 Hazards
• At 1mAyou'll feel a tingling sensation. At 3mA you'll feel a bit of shock. At 5mais the maximum harmless current.
• When it is greater than 10mA you’ll feel a continual muscle contraction. At more than 30mA you’ll receive lung paralysis,
more often temporarily. Greater than 50mA can result in possible heart dysfunction or respiratory arrest and this is usually
fatal.
• At 100mA to 4A you'll leave you with fibrillation and nerve damage.
• After going over 4A you'll have a heart paralysis and severe burn. Some of the specific types of electrical injury may
include electrical shock, electrical burns, arc flash burns, arc blasts, falls, and fire. Safety is your responsibility.
• Famous educators in the early part of the 20th century stated safety is life. This was true in the early 20th century, and is
still true today.
• Safety is life.

2.1 Self check…
1. Energy and utility workers must pay special attention to electrical hazards because the work on equipment and
systems that carry electrical voltage. What happens when you come in contact with an electrical voltage?
a) can cause current to flow through the body and it does not result in an electrical shock, burn or serious injuries
including death.
b) It can cause current to flow through the body and can result in an electrical shock, burn or serious injuries
including death.
2. When you come into contact with a hazard, what is the first line of defense?
a) Guarding
b) Avoidance
c) All of the Above
d) Prevention
3. When a fire requires a solution or liquid to extinguish it, the solution or liquid may act as a conductor, therefore; all
adjacent electrical equipment must first be de-energized.
a) True
b) False

2.2 Non-electrical Hazards
• large industrial operations use all sorts of chemicals, hazards, non-hazards, and some only hazards in reaction with other
substances. As an employee, you have the right to know what hazardous chemicals are being used in your workplace.
• But once you know, what's next? Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), contains information about various substances, such as
toxicity, use, storage, handling, and emergency procedures.
• Controlled products include compressed gases, flammable and combustible liquids, oxidizing materials, poisonous or
infectious materials, corrosive materials, and dangerously reactive materials.
• Employees should familiarize themselves with the contents, and employers by law update these every three years

• The MSDS is a critical safety tool.
• It's purpose is to safeguard workers and reduce injuries,
illnesses, deaths and fires caused by the use of hazardous
materials. In addition, an MSDS explains what to do when
an accident occurs, and how to recognize symptoms of
overexposure. It also provides essential information for
transporting materials.
• Based on information corresponding to the MSDS, the
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) assigns a
four- diamond label that is numbered and color-coded and
posted on trucks hauling materials that are controlled.
• Numbers in a three-colored section should range from least to
the most severe hazard.
• The fourth, the white section is left blank, and it is used only
to denote special firefighting measures.

• The American Coding Association developed another means of labeling
hazardous substances known as Hazard Material Identification System, or
guide, HMIS/HMI.
• The system has different configuration, but both systems use the same
numbering system, and color-coded fills to indicate the flammability which is in
red, health in blue, and reactivity in yellow, hazards associated with the
material, and the HMIS or HMIG, the white fill is used to indicate required
personal protective equipment. Rather and special handling as an NFPA system.
• Fortunately, advanced fire detection and suppression technologies exist.

• Some measures the company has taken to improve safety may be less noticeable, such as
• the insulation of an explosion-proof fixture in hazardous locations.
• Natural gas-fired plants have shut-off valves installed strategically along the gas line so that supply can be cut off if a fire
erupts.
• Many power substations use electronic monitoring systems. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, SCADA. Systems
that provide real-time data about system status to plant engineers. This can be augmented with video surveillance that will
confirm a SCADA fire sensor alarm with visual verification of smoke or flame.
• What about the hazards when you go out on a road?
• Good road safety practices are designed to protect drivers, work crews, the public, pedestrians, and other drivers and power
companies’ equipment and materials. You won't immediately be entrusted with a position that includes driving. You'll have to
pass other security measures including a safe driver’s record and in some cases, take a course in commercial driving.
• While driving a company vehicle standards of safe driving procedures apply;
• Wear your seat belt,
• use turn signals,
• obey speed limits,
• avoid distractions, and observe traffic signs and signals.

• As with any vehicle, part of a utility cruise daily routine is to inspect the vehicle before going out on service calls to make
sure all equipment is in good working condition.
• A quick written checklist will include brakes, steering, lights, mirrors, reflectors, tires, horns, and windshield wipers.
• A job supervisor may also conduct a safety tailgate or Toolbox briefing alerting workers about potential hazards they may
encounter.
• At the work site, the vehicle operator must place orange hazard cones around the vehicle to signify a more causes situation.
Special situations they require using an aerial lift or bucket that lifts coworkers up from the vehicle to reach power lines
requires extra precautions.
• The truck should never be moved with the bucket in a raised position and workers in a bucket must wear a harness to protect
themselves from falls. If they're working on live power lines, they're required to wear insulated gloves, all feet must be
touching the bottom of the bucket. National standards for bucket vehicles require that the operator on the ground be able to
control the movement of the bucket in an emergency.

• Line workers often get called in the middle of the night to restore electrical service to customers under all sorts of conditions.
• It may include a car that has crashed into a utility pole. Other times weather conditions bring down power lines and cause
transformers to explode.
• In a best-case scenario, police fire and rescue and utility employees work together on the scene. Police officers block traffic
from entering the danger zone, line workers de-energize down lines, and firefighters and emergency medical technicians rescue,
treat, and transport accident victims.
• Communication and cooperation may be lifesaving.
• During emergency conditions, workers must do their task in variable weather conditions; Heavy rain, wind, ice, snow, and
extreme heat which affect the transmission and distribution systems. If the conditions include lightning, wait for it to pass.
Technology often pinpoints where storms may have damaged equipment in the field. Long hours and difficult working
conditions may be part of your duties when working in the utility industry.

2.2 Self check…
1. When using chemicals, what information should the employee have available
to them?
a) Safety Data Sheet
b) Material Safety Data Sheet
c) Both
2. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) developed a four-diamond
label for the identification of various chemicals while they are being transported.
a) False
b) True

2.3 First Aid Symptoms
• During a hazardous potential electric power work, workers who work with high voltage are subject to more stringent OSHA First Aid
requirements.
• In certain circumstances, crews of at least two people are required. So, that one can provide first aid or CPR to another person if
needed.
• In most situations where a worker is close to contact with lines, or equipment energized, in more than 600 volts, a minimum two-
person crew in manholes and some vaults that are underground.
• A second person trained in CPR and first aid must be available above ground when a worker is working underground. Involving certain
tests performed by tree crews: Including trimming trees, or roping branches near energized lines, with a minimum two-person
crew.
• Generally, when utility workers respond to a scene of an accident, they will have been called by first responders. Your job is to de-
energize the line so that emergency medical personnel can provide treatments to victims. Accidents in health emergencies do happen on
the job. This happens while working, however, workers need to know basic first aid and when to call 911 for additional help.

• OSHA requires employers to keep records of work-related
injuries and illnesses, that result in death, loss of
consciousness, days away from work, restrictive job
activities, or medical treatment beyond first aid.
• Individual power companies may require first aid
certification and will provide the training on-site often at no
cost to the employee. The goal is to first correctly recognize
the symptoms, and then treat the injuries appropriately.

• Let's take the time to go over some possible injuries
1. Cuts. Cuts are easily identified. This is a non-emergency unless the cut is very deep and
bleeding heavily.
2. Insect stings. Meter readers are likely to encounter stinging insects. A sting generally raises a
red wealth at the site. Workers who are severely allergic however may experience anaphylaxis a
condition in which their throat swells, and they have difficulty breathing. Sting is not an
emergency. Anaphylaxis is an emergency, that inquires immediate attention to prevent death.
1. Dog bites. Meter readers may also encounter an aggressive animal that bites breaking or tearing
the skin. Utility workers need training in how to avoid being bitten.

4. Broken bones. are more difficult to identify unless the victim has a compound fracture, and
which the bone is protruding through the skin, or the victim felt the bone snap, An X-ray is
required to confirm the break. A broken bone requires medical attention. Preferably quickly.
5. Spinal injury. A victim with an injured spine may experience numbness, pain, or no
immediate symptoms. Assume that a person who has been in a car crash, or has fallen >15 feet
has a head neck, or spine injury, and a situation requires emergency care by professionals.
6. Thermal burns caused by heat or fire are categorized by their severity
• First-degree burn is superficial, injuring the outermost layer of skin, and causing redness and pain ,
usually not in an emergency.
• Second-degree burn causes blisters as well as redness and may cause pain unless nerve endings had
been destroyed. If the second-degree burn covers a large area of the body, it should be considered an
emergency.
• A third-degree burn goes through all three layers of the skin. The skin appears white or charred, and
the victim may not feel pain or sensation because the nerve endings had been burned away

7. Electrical burns Exposure to electric current may cause electrical burns that have the same characteristics as thermal burns, and the same
emergency responses apply.
8. Chemical burns. are caused by skin exposure to corrosive chemicals. These burns must be washed immediately, and after washing blisters
may form.
9. Electric shock. Cases of electric shock, the voltage and length of exposure determine the effects. Exposure to a small amount of current
creates only a tingling sensation. Exposure to a larger amount may cause muscle contractions, and heart arrhythmias or may throw the victim
some distance from the source causing injuries similar to those incurred in a fall. These serious conditions are considered an emergency and
require immediate medical attention.
10. Shock refers not to an electric current running through the body, but to a physical response that occurs in response to an accident. Symptoms
include pale skin, rapid pulse, increased breathing rate, weakness, nausea, cold hands, and clammy skin. Shock can result in death. Immediate
emergency treatment is required.

7. Heart attack. Symptoms of a heart attack usually start with mild discomfort or chest pain, often mistaken for indigestion, and grow more
painful. In addition to feeling heavy pressure, or squeezing underneath the breastbone, victims may experience shortness of breath, nausea,
and vomiting. Sweating. In the general upper body, shoulder, or jaw pain. Treat all severe chest pain as though it is a heart attack. Immediate
emergency medical attention is required.
8. Stroke. Signs of a stroke include numbness or paralysis- particularly on one side of the body, speech disturbance, loss of balance, confusion,
vision trouble, and severe headaches. A quick check for stroke involves asking the victim to raise both arms, smile and repeat a simple
sentence.
• In ability, any of these may indicate a stroke in progress. Immediate emergency medical attention is required. Unconsciousness. An
unconscious person will be unresponsive and may or may not be breathing. This may be the result of an injury, drug or alcohol use, or illness
such as diabetes. The situation is often a medical emergency and treatment is required immediately.

2.3 Self check…
1. Due to the hazardous potential of electric power work, workers who work with high voltage are subject to more stringent
OSHA First Aid requirements.
a) True
b) False
2. OSHA requires employers to keep records of work-related injuries and illnesses that result in death, loss of consciousness,
days away from work, restricted job activity, or medical treatment beyond First Aid.
a) True
b) False
3. What are the Symptoms of a heart attack? usually start with mild discomfort or chest pain – often mistaken for indigestion-
and grow more painful.
a) Fatigue
b) Shortness of breath
c) Mild discomfort or chest pain
d) All of the above

2.4 First Aid Treatment
• Employers have policies in place regarding first aid treatment and reporting of injuries.
• Keep in mind that many times, no treatment except by medical professionals is the best immediate treatment. Part of your
decision-making about how to treat an accident victim will depend on whether you are in the plant and have access to in-
house emergency, medical care or out at a job site where you may need to call 911.
• procedures you should follow in regard to injuries discussed in 2.3 First Aid Symptoms.
1. Cuts. Wash with soap and water or wiping with an alcohol swab and then apply antibiotic ointment and a bandage to
superficial cuts and scratches. If the bleeding doesn't stop, transport the victim to the hospital or call 911.
2. Insect stings. Treat well from insect stings with antihistamine cream. Those allergic require immediate treatment or
epinephrine to prevent death. Workers with known allergies need to carry an EpiPen with them. Immediately following a
sting by the allergy-causing insect, the worker will self-inject using the EpiPen and also call 911.

3. Dog bites. Small scrapes should be treated by washing the bite with soap and water.
However, tears or punctures may require antibiotics to prevent infection. Wash the wound,
apply pressure in a bandage, and make an appointment to see a doctor. Even though it's a
puncture wound, the individual may require stitches.
4. Broken bones. Do not move a victim with a broken bone. Call 911. While waiting for
emergency medical professionals, keep an eye on a victim and make sure he or she is still
breathing. You may apply ice to reduce swelling.
5. Spinal injury. Assume that anyone who has been in a car crash or has fallen from a pole,
bucket, or other elevated place has an injured back, neck, or head. Do not move or reposition
the victim. If the victim is unconscious, do not attempt to awaken him by shaking him by the
shoulders. Keep the victim's head immobile by placing a roll-up jacket or towel on either
side. Monitor breathing and keep the airway clear. Call 911 and monitor for signs of shock.

6. Thermal burns. First-degree burns and small second-degree burns can be held under cool water, not ice water, to stop the
burn. Do not apply butter, or greasy ointment, or bandage. The burn should be kept clean and dry. The large second-degree
burns will probably require treatment by a doctor to prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection. For third-degree burns, call 911
and monitor the victim for signs of shock.
7. Electrical burns. Before treatment for electrical burns, the utility worker must first turn off the current or de-energize the
line and remove the source of power from the victim or the victim from the live wire. Be sure to use an insulated object. Do
not risk electrical burns, shocks, or electrocution to yourself. Call 911 and arrange for emergency treatment and transportation
to a hospital.
8. Chemical burns Remove clothing soaked with the spilled chemical. In most cases, flushing the area of the burn continuously
with gentle running tap water if appropriate will dilute the chemical and provide further skin damage. If the burn is small and
superficial, transport the victim to a doctor. If the burn is large and exposure has been extensive, call 911.

9. Electric shock Minor shock usually results in no injury and requires no treatment. A minor shock can, however, cause a
victim to be startled and jump or fall and require treatment for these secondary injuries. A minor shock can also cause a
muscle contraction that causes the victim to hold on tighter to the source of the shock, resulting in greater injuries. Before
the victim's condition can be assessed and the victim treated, the circuit must be opened by flipping the power switch,
unplugging the appliance, throwing a circuit breaker or in the case of high voltage, de-energizing the power lines. Major
shocks or those with secondary injuries require emergency treatment. Call 911 and monitor if the victim's breathing impulse
and follow procedures preventing shock.
10. Shock. Do not reposition the body if there are broken bones, spinal injuries, or head injuries. Injuries serious enough to
warn a victim's body going into shock merits a call to 911. Keep the person calm by assuring emergency medical personnel
are on their way.

• Remember the acronym WART to help you remember what to do to prevent shock.
• W, warmth. Keep the victim off the damp ground. Cover with a blanket as needed.
• A, remember your ABCs. Check the victim's airway, unobstructed breathing, and circulation pulse.
• R, reassure and rest. Speak calmly to the victim. Keep the victim from feeling anxious. Keep the victim relatively still.
• T, treat the injury. For heart attack or stroke, call 911 and arrange for emergency transportation of the victim to the
hospital
• Ask the victim a question and listen for a response. If there is no response, call 911. Watch the victim's chest to see if he or
she is breathing. If the victim is not breathing but has a pulse, begin artificial respiration. If there is no breathing and no
pulse, the victim is in cardiac arrest. Unpleasant though it may be, the fact remains that accidents happen. If an accident
occurs in a workplace, you cannot be a helpless bystander, since doing nothing can potentially worsen the situation. Have
proper knowledge of first aid. Remember, first aid is mainly meant to provide quick medical treatment until a professional
arrives.

2.4 Self check…
1. When treating cuts: first wash the area with soap and water or wipe with an alcohol swab, then apply an antibiotic ointment
and finish by applying a bandage.
a) True
b) False
2. In the above question if the bleeding does not stop what is the next step:
a) Call 911
b) Observe the bleeding
c) Do nothing
d) All of the above

Objectives
• Recognize, Evaluate, and Control hazards,
• Lists several different types of PPEs
• Determine what Safety equipment to use
• Identify General safe practices for tool and
Equipment use
Chapter 03 : Preparing for Hazards in the
Workplace

Chapter 03: Preparing for Hazards in the Workplace
3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for General Industry
• As we know work environments involve some hazards, but one working around electricity,
the hazards can become life-threatening. For example, a mistake made during a switching
operation can result in serious injury because are at high voltages and has significant
amounts of current.
• There are times when equipment must be taken out of service and thus switching is
necessary. The operator must have the bus protective equipment available when working in
these conditions and the employee must be trained thoroughly in the use of this equipment.
Special protective clothing and equipment are provided to minimize the hazardous risk of
current passing through your body and the dangerous exposure to intense heat.
• It is the responsibility of the worker to use the equipment properly. Employers should train
the workers on a proper fit and use. The purpose of PPEs is to provide an effective line of
defense against health and safety hazards.

• Types of PPEs.
1. Hard hat. Worn to protect your head. Hard hats must have a hard outer shell and a shock-
absorbing lining that incorporates a headband and straps that suspend a shell from one to one and
a quarter inches or 2.54 centimeters to 3.18 centimeters away from the head. This type of design
provides shock absorption during an impact and also provides ventilation.
• You must wear head protection for the following reasons.
• If objects may fall from above, or
• if you may bump your head against fixed objects such as pipes or beams, and
• if there is a possibility of coming into contact with electrical hazards.
• Do not drill holes, paint, or apply labels to protective headgear, and do not store it in direct
sunlight, as this may reduce the integrity of the protection.

2. There are three types of protection from eye and face injuries:
i. safety glasses,
ii. safety goggles, and
iii. face shields.
The employer must determine if hazards in the workplace necessitate the use of eye and face protection.
There are five broad categories of hazards to the eyes and face; impact, heat, chemicals, dust, and optical
radiation.

i. Safety glasses shield eyes from flying particulates and reduce glare. Non-conducting safety glasses must be worn while
working on live exposed Electrical Bart's. To encourage workers to use safety glasses more consistently, manufacturers have
improved their appearance, offering more modern designs.
• They must provide adequate protection.
• They must fit snugly, be durable, and able to be disinfected.
• They will be identified by the manufacturer.
ii. Safety goggles are tight-fitting eye protection that completely covers the eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area immediately
surrounding the eyes to provide protection from impact, dust, and splashes. Some will fit over corrective lenses. They are
intended to provide protection from impact hazards, heat hazards, and chemical hazards.

iii. Face shields are intended to protect the entire face when worn alone. Face shields do not protect
employees from impact hazards, so they should be combined with safety glasses or goggles.
Face shields consist of two parts: head gear and window shield.
Use face shields when using tools such as jackhammers, chipping gun, grinder or beveling machines.
Safety vest. Safety vests are brightly colored fluorescent reflective material worn over worn clothes. There
are three types worn in various conditions.
• Class 1 is used in areas where vehicle traffic does not exceed 25 miles per hour, they come in vest and t-
shirt styles.
• Class 2 is used in areas where workers require greater visibility where traffic speed is between 25 and 50
miles per hour.
• Class 3 types for providing the highest level of visibility and are worn in high-risk areas, where speeds
exceed 50 miles per hour. They cover the upper body including arms. This class often includes coveralls,
jackets, pants or rain gear.

3. Footwear. There are many hazards that require special protection for the feet and legs. Hazardous chemicals, hot metals,
falling objects, slippery surfaces, sharp objects, and electrical hazards are just a few of the dangers present. Safety footwear
must meet ANSI minimum compression and impact performance standards.
Electrical hazard safety shoes prevent feed from completing an electrical circuit. Note that non-conductive footwear should not
be worn in explosive locations. Proper fit and sizing is critical and should be inspected before each use.

3.1 Self check…
1. Question 1
The
use of properly selected ______ by workers trained in the proper fit and use, in
tandem with other control methods, is a time-proven and cost-effective method
of protecting workers from hazards in the workplace.
a) PPE
b) Shovel
c) All of the above
2.
Question 2
Safety
Vests are garments worn over work clothes that incorporate the use of brightly
colored fluorescent background material to increase visibility.
a) True
b) False

3.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Electric Utility Industry
1. There are many types of gloves to protect against a wide variety of hazards. Gloves made from a wide
variety of materials are designed for many types of workplace hazards. In general, gloves fall into
four groups;
• leather, aluminum, air-made fiber, and synthetic.
i. Leather gloves protect against sparks, moderate heat, blows, chips, and rough objects.
ii. Aluminis gloves provide reflection and are insulated to protect against heat and cold.
iii. Air-made fiber gloves are also insulated, in addition, are cut in abrasive resistance.
iv. Synthetic gloves are all of the things mentioned thus far and they now would stand some diluted
acids.
v. Fabric gloves protect against dirt, slivers, chafing, and abrasions.

vi. Coded fabric gloves are normally made from cotton, flannel on one side and plastic on the other
that provide slip resistance.
vii. Chemical-resistant gloves are made with different kinds of rubber or various kinds of plastic
and protect against such things as peroxide, fuels, corrosive acids and alcohols. They're meant to
resist oxidation, ozone corrosion and abrasion.
viii. Natural latex rubber gloves are comfortable to wear and are popular general-purpose glove.
ix. There are also near prime gloves and nitrile gloves to work out various substances.

• Electrical protective gloves are among the most important articles or personal protection for electrical workers. To be
effective, the gloves must be strong and durable, must have high electrical resistance. Because they are not resistant to high
heat or wear, they must be worn leather protective glove to protect the glove. Electrical protective gloves are categorized by
the level of voltage protection that they provide and whether or not they are resistant to ozone.
• Voltage protection is broken down in a following classes;
• Class zero, maximum use voltage 1,000 volts AC, proof tested the 5,000 volts AC
• Class one, maximum use voltage of 7,500 volts AC, proof tested to 10,000 volts AC;
• Class two, maximum use voltage of 17,000 volts AC, proof tested to 20,000 volts AC;
• Class three, maximum use voltage of 26,500 volts AC, proof tested at 30,000 volts AC;
• Class Four; maximum use voltage of 36,000 volts AC, proof tested to 40,000 volts AC.
• Again, proper fit is critical. All protective apparel and equipment should be kept as clean and sanitary as possible. Frequent
washing and cleaning is a necessity. When not in use, the equipment should be kept in protective storage locations.

• The apparel should be inspected carefully each time it is to be used, particularly the rubber gloves which should be
inspected both visually and air tested before each use. Any gloves with impaired protective ability should be
discarded or replaced.
• Rubber insulating gloves must be electrically tested in the lab within 12 months of the first issue and every three
months after that. Be sure to turn the gloves inside out and inspect the inside thoroughly for signs of wear. After
visually inspecting each glove, apply an air test to check for other defects.

2. Flame retardant clothing includes natural fiber clothes that resist fire and synthetics that have
been treated with a chemical to cause in the resist burning. The following are examples of
workplace hazards that could cause bodily injury and conditions and which specialized clothing
should be considered. Temperature extremes, hot splashes from molten metals and other
hot liquids, potential impact from tools, machinery and materials and hazardous chemicals
Employees must wear flame-retardant clothing whenever they are within six feet of exposed
energize parts capable of producing an arc hazard. Employees working within the reach of exposed
energized equipment must remove all exposed conductive articles such as rings, keys, chains,
watches and so-forth. Workers must wear fire resistant clothing and energized AC or DC distribution
cabinets located within six feet of exposed parts, energized at 50 volts or greater. Clothes must be
properly fit and clean according to the manufacturer's instructions.

3.2 Self check…
1. The nature of the hazard and the operation involved will not affect the selection
of the glove.
a) True
b) False
2. Electrical-protective gloves come in 5 categories:
a) Class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b) Class 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
c) Class a, b, c, d, e
d) Class A, B, C, D, E
3. Flame retardant clothing includes natural fiber clothes that resist fire and
synthetics that have been treated with a chemical to cause them to resist
burning.
a) True
b) False

3.3 Use-case Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
1. Respirators are worn by medically qualified, trained and fit tested personnel who work in
locations where they may be breathing air contaminated with harmful dust, fogs, fumes,
mist, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors.
• They include a protective face piece and a hood or helmet that is designed to protect the
wearer against a variety of harmful airborne agents.
• There are two main types of respirators, air purifying and atmosphere supplying.
• All respirators needed to be checked yearly with either qualitative or quantitative
methods.
• The qualitative fit tests are subjective. The inspection includes how it tastes and smells.
• The quantity of tests are objective, as they measure face seal leakage.

2. Hearing protection. Hearing protection is worn to reduce, control, or eliminate hazards
associated with noise. Some types of hearing protection include
• single-use ear plugs,
• preformed or molded ear plugs that can be reused after cleaning and
• ear muffs, require a perfect seal around the ear.
• Employers must provide hearing protection to all workers exposed to an eight-hour time wait
average or TWA, noise levels of 85 decibels or above.
• Employees should decide, if would a specialist train to fit hearing protectors. What size and
type of protector is most suitable for the working environment? Employers must show
employees how to use and care for their protectors and supervise them on the job, to ensure
that they continue to wear them correctly.

3. Fall Protection Fall arrest equipment is intended to catch the user in the event of a fall. Fall
arrest equipment presents dangers in of itself. While the fall distance will be minimized, the
body can suffer free fall injuries. Also, if the worker is not rescued within a rather short time
frame, they can suffer circulatory problems, stroke, or heart attack from the suspension
trauma.
• Work positioning equipment includes equipment such as repelling equipment that allows
workers to be suspended from ropes to gain access to their workplace.
• Generally, when a job demands this type of suspension, two sets of ropes are used. The
suspension lines and a separate safety line for fall arrest.

4. Travel-restricting or fall-restricting equipment is intended to prevent falls by anchoring a worker in a position,
to keep him away from the edges over which one can fall. Fall protection equipment consists of harnesses,
anchorages and connections.
• A body harness consists of straps and padding that will distribute the fall arrest forces. The anchorages are the
point or points at which the user's PPE is connected to the structure. Generally, the point should support a
minimum dead weight of 5400 pounds. Anchor devices may be permanently fixed, or temporarily fixed. The
connecting component is often a lanyard-type item, of sufficient length to allow required freedom of movement.
The connecting components also include shock-absorbing devices, to decelerate a fall. Again, fit is essential. Fall
arrest PPE must be worn by workers working from heights above six feet for qualified climbers and four feet for
all others. Employees must inspect all the harnesses for wear and tear. D rings should be checked for deformity
and all buckles should be checked to make sure they work effectively. If there is any sign that the harness has
damage, remove it from service.

3.3 Self check…
1. A _________ is a protective face piece, hood or helmet that is designed to
protect the wearer against a variety of harmful airborne agents.
a) respirator
b) hard hat
2. Hearing protection is worn to reduce, control, or eliminate hazards associated with
noise exposure. Disposable earplugs is the only things used for this kind of protection.
a) True
b) False
3. What does fall protection equipment include?
a) fall arrest, work positioning and travel-restricting equipment worn by workers when working from above.
b) extra workers to cover in the event of an emergency

3.4 Equipment Guidelines
• Hundreds of types of tools and equipment are used on a daily basis by thousands of energy and utility industry workers.
Even though the use of tools and equipment is an everyday occurrence, workers must remember that deviation from
appropriate and safe use protocols can cause serious injury or death.
• Let's review safe work practices and procedures for tools and equipment use.
• Use tools and equipment made and certified by a reputable manufacturer.
• Always use the right tool or equipment for the job.
• Do not use a tool or equipment unless you know how to use it.
• Inspect tools and equipment before each use.
• Maintain good practices to prevent dropping them.
• Remove jewelry when working with tools or equipment.
• Know the hazards of the tool or equipment you are using,
• and use only tools and equipment in the way in which they were intended.

3.4 Equipment Guidelines
• Employees are responsible for following the guidelines and procedures of the tooling equipment manuals. They delineate
safe and proper usage.
• Appreciate what information the manuals contain, they provide valuable information.
• As we have learned, employers are responsible for providing safety training for their workers. Safety training and
programs provide important procedural instructions such as how to complete a particular job test or procedure.
• Safety meetings, toolbox talks, or tailgate talks are provided to give instructional information to all employees regarding
safety and health issues.
• One communicated effectively, toolbox talks communicate current or potential hazards to workers before work begins.
Compliance with safety training programs including discussions regarding tool and equipment use helps to ensure a safe
and hazard-free workplace.

3.4 Self check…
1. In the energy and utilities industry, employees must recognize hazards associated
with the different tools and equipment they use but do not necessarily need
to be knowledgeable about the safety precautions needed to prevent hazards.
a) True
b) False
2. Compliance with safety procedures set forth in manuals and safety training ensures the health
and safety of employees and employers but not the community.
a) True
b) False

Objectives
• List the agencies that play a role in safety in
the energy and utilities Industry.
• Recognize OSHA standards.
• Identify environmental regulations.
Chapter 04 : Safety Administration &
Management

Chapter 04: Safety Administration & Management
4.1 Federal Agencies
• There are national regulations that enforce safe and secure operations for the
protection of people, data, environment, property, and institutions.
• The energy and utilities industry follows many agencies’ recommendations
and regulations of safety and security practices.
1. The US Department of Labor or US DOL. The DOL is responsible for
services related to occupational safety, wage and hour standards,
unemployment insurance benefits, and re-employment.
Agencies within DOL instrumental include the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
OSHA, the Office of Labor-Management Standards, and the Office of
Worker's Compensation Program.

• The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health or NIOSH.
NIOSH conducts research and makes recommendations for the prevention of work-related
injuries and illnesses. It is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or
CDC, which is an agency within the Federal Department of Health and Human Services.
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics collects, analyzes, and distributes economic
information to support public and private policies.
The US Department of Transportation or DOT oversees regulations related to federal
highways, airways, rails, and maritime
The Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration PHMSA within the DOT
coordinates activities involving oil and natural gas pipelines.

• The US Environmental Protection Agency EPA is a federal agency that focuses on
protecting our health and the environment. The agency researches writes and enforces
environmental regulations, leads efforts to prevent pollution, and encourages energy
conservation.
• The EPA and the US Department of Energy coordinate efforts to address air quality and a
few related admission issues.
• The National Fire Protection Association NFPA publishes numerous safety standards, but
two are of great interest to those in the energy and utilities industry. They are NFPA 70 and
NFPA 70E Standards.

• The National Electric Code NEC or NFPA 70 is a US standard for the safe
installation of electrical wiring and equipment. The NEC, as commonly
mandated by state or local law, is the standard for electrical safety in a
workplace.
• NFPA 70E, the US standard for electrical safety requirements for employees
in the workplace requiring electricity-related safeguards. NFPA 70E addresses
electrical safety requirements for employees during tests such as installing,
operating, maintaining, and demolishing electric conductors and equipment.
• The National Safety Council NSC, a nonprofit public service organization
that is committed to promoting health and preventing injuries and deaths. The
NSC works with government agencies to strengthen workplace safety and
reduce workplace injuries and fatalities.

• The American Society of Safety Engineers is a well-established professional safety
organization committed to protecting people and property.
• The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission is responsible for ensuring the safe use of
nuclear energy, they promote defense and security, and public health, safety, and
environmental protection concerning nuclear energy.
• The United States Department of Homeland Security DHS is a federal agency, tasked
with protecting the United States from terrorist attacks and responding to natural disasters.
• The North American Electric Reliability Corporation NERC is responsible to develop
standards for power system operations, monitor and enforce compliance with those
standards, assesses resources, and provides education, training, and certifications.

• The US Office of Health Safety and Security manages education and training programs for certain programs
including nuclear safety, worker safety, health safety, and information security programs.
• As you know the power and energy sectors being large and diverse has no single entity that can be responsible for all
the regulations. So, in addition to federal agencies and industry groups, there are also many state and local agencies
that play a role in regulation.
• Typically, state government energy offices are responsible for coordinating responses to energy emergencies, and for
developing practices and procedures to improve energy security and reliability.
• State governor's offices typically, develop policies that address energy, security, reliability, and emergency
preparedness.
• local government agencies play various roles in energy security, protection, and emergency response.

4.1 Self check…

4.2 Environmental Policies
• Some typical quality assurance elements used by energy and utility companies are compliance, risk reduction,
improved performance, corrective action, pollution prevention, resource conservation, employee awareness,
and public awareness.
• Compliance indicates you're operating in accordance with the applicable environmental health and safety laws, and
regulations, and other relevant standards important to the company.
• Risk reduction, you utilize facility layouts and operational protocols.
• conducting periodic environmental health and safety evaluations and continuously improving operations and
management systems under improved performance.
• corrective action, you promptly correct unsafe conditions.
• Efforts are focused on minimizing waste, promoting recycling and reuse, and disposing of waste using methods under
pollution prevention programs.

• Under resource conservation, the conservation of natural resources, improvements in energy efficiency, and the use
of sustainable energy resources.
• Employee awareness is one we inform, train, and motivate employees to carry out their responsibilities in a safe and
environmentally friendly manner.
• public awareness, we make company policies available to the public and inform customers, neighbors, and
appropriate government officials of any significant environmental, health or safety aspects of the operations in a
timely manner,
• The US Department of homeland security, just created the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, NIPP. The NIPP's
goal is to define critical infrastructure protection responsibilities. As the energy and utilities industry has adopted
more computer-based technology in its operations, so has the need for adopting increased cybersecurity measures to
protect infrastructures.

• DHS has established four main goals for the energy sector to address
• cybersecurity issues: measure and assess security posture, develop and integrate protective measures, detect
intrusion and implement response strategies, and so sustain security improvements.
• The North American Electric Reliability Council, NERC also promote standards that protect and regulate
cybersecurity for the energy sector. NERC standards that involve infrastructure protection issues include:
• critical cyber assets, security management controls, personnel and training, electronic security, physical
security, systems security, incident reporting, and response planning, and recovery plans.
• All stakeholders must work together to improve planning and preparedness protocols to better detect, prevent, and
respond to cyber security incidents.

4.2 Self check…

4.3 Community Safety Legislation
• A few examples of environmental regulations that affect the energy and utilities industry include;
 the Clean Water Act,
 the Clean Air Act,
 the Clean Air Power Initiative,
 the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act,
 the Atomic Energy Act, and
 the Emergency Planning and Right-to-Know Act.
• The Clean Water Act governs water pollution of our nation's waters. Wastewater discharges from electric power
generation facilities are dictated under the Clean Water Act. Facilities must obtain a permit from the EPA to help
regulate the source of discharges. The permitting program establishes polluted limitations and other special
conditions.

4.3 Community Safety Legislation
• The Clean Air Act governs air quality through the reduction of smog and air pollution. Regulations for National Ambient
Air Quality Standards and AQS do not directly affect the electric power generating industry. However, these standards are
applied, to the ambient air in particular areas. Electric power generators may be affected if they're located in or near an area
that is not in compliance with the quality standards.
• The Clean Air Power Initiative was created to improve air pollution control efforts within the electric power generating
industry. The initiative developed a regulatory strategy for three major pollutants emitted by electric power generators:
SO2, NOX, and air toxics specifically mercury.
• The Hazardous Materials Transportation Act regulates the transportation of hazardous materials including radioactive
materials.
• The Atomic Energy Act regulates the management of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities.
• The Emergency Planning and Right-to-Know Act supports emergency planning efforts at state and local levels. In
conclusion, it is obvious that numerous agencies and governing bodies are entrusted in maintaining community safety

4.3 Self check…

4.4 OSHA Regulations
• OSHA standards establish requirements designed to protect employees against workplace hazards. OSHA safety standards
are intended to protect against traumatic injury, while health standards are designed to address potential exposure to
harmful substances and possible illness.
• OSHA operates as a federal occupational safety and health program, but some states and territories operate their own
OSHA-approved programs. In those states, the OSHA-approved programs must enact standards at least as effective and
rigorous as federal standards.

• OSHA has regulations for general industry, 29 CFR 1910, which are published in the Title 29 of the Code of Federal
Regulations. These regulations contain several sections pertinent to electrical work.
• Part 1910, Subpart S, General Electrical. Subparts address electrical safety standards and cover the practical
safeguarding of workers.
• They include the design safety standards for electrical systems,
• safety-related work practices,
• safety related maintenance requirements,
• safety requirements for special equipment.
• Part 1910, Subpart I specifically deals with personal protective equipment, PPEs.
• Part 1910, Subpart J specifically deals with general environmental controls.

• OSHA, determines that there was a significant risk to the health and safety of workers in the areas of electrical power
generation, transmission, and distribution due to their exposure to electrical hazards. To protect workers from the unique
hazards encountered in these work environments, OSHA updated the regulations for general industry 29 CFR 1910 to
include standards addressing their work practices to be used during the operation and maintenance of electric power
generation, transmission, and distribution equipment, and facilities. Part 1910, Subpart R specifically deals with special
industries.
• Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution can be found in 1910.269. The new standards include
requirements relating to training, job briefings, confined space, hazardous energy control, working on or near energized
parts, live-line tools, grounding for employee protection, work on underground and overhead installations, line-clearance
tree trimming, work in substations and generating plants.

• Other special conditions and equipment are unique to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy.
• OSHA regulations and standards are developed for the protection of people in the workplace.
• Compliance with these regulations is mandated by OSHA to prevent injuries to employees working with electrical power
systems.
• Another agency that works closely with OSHA is the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NRC.
• The NRC creates occupational safety and health guidelines that establish standards for radiation protection of workers who
may be occupationally exposed to radioactive materials.

4.4 Self check…

4.5 Company Safety Policies
• What do companies do to provide safe workplaces and comply what OSHA regulations?
Companies are required to document a sitewide safety plan. A safety plan describes the process for identifying physical and
health hazards that could harm workers, procedures to prevent accidents, and steps to take when accidents occur.
The basic elements include
 goal statement,
 hazard identification,
 hazard controls and safe practices,
 emergency and accident response,
 employee training and communication, and
 record keeping.
• It is the employer's responsibility to ensure employees understand all aspects of the plan

• An employee handbook is another tool of company-wide communication and can be used to convey the following.
• Rules and guidelines,
• employment expectations,
• policies, consequences for violations,
• commitment to fair and equal treatment and
• culture of safety, fairness, and integrity.
• With respect to company logs, employees have the right to review the OSHA Form 300, the log of work-related illnesses
and injuries.
• Employers are required to post the summary of work-related injuries and illnesses Form 300A in a visible location.

• Employers must record work-related injuries and illnesses that result in
 death,
 days away from work,
 restricted work activity or job transfer,
 medical treatment beyond first aid and
 loss of consciousness.
• Finally, for safety inspections, OSHA is authorized to conduct workplace inspections that determine compliance with safe
and healthful workplace practices.
• They are conducted by OSHA compliance safety and health officers.

• Documents typically reviewed by OSHA inspectors include
 injury and illness prevention plans and supporting documentation.
 OSHA Log 300,
 lockout tag procedures,
 emergency and fire plans,
 respiratory protection plans,
 hearing conservation programs,
 hazards communication programs and
 material safety data sheets,
• make safety checklists a part of your safety program and use them to conduct regular safety inspections to ensure safe
workplace conditions. As we have heard throughout this course, it is imperative for all levels of employees to be consistent
and executing safety and health enforcement. Everyone is accountable for workplace safety, and all should know the
company's safety policies, rules and procedures. Remember, safety is life.

4.5 Self check…

THANK YOU
COURSE LINK: https://www.coursera.org/learn/safety-utility-industry

Safety Is a Small
Investment For
Rich Future .

coursera Safety In The Utility Industry (Health & Safety)

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