Introduction to arduino :- Introduction: 1- What is Micro-Controller ? 2- Microcontroller components. 3- What is Arduino ? 4- Types of Arduino. 5- Arduino uno board. 6- Sensors: - Digital , Analog sensors. - Light sensors (IR sensor , Photo resistor). Coding Structure and examples: 1- Data types and operators. 2- What is “Function” ? 3- Control statements (if , if…else , switch case). 4- Loop statements (while , for , do…while). 5- Common functions. References:

5. Microcontroller =
Programming
Language =

6. • Processor The processor refers to the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of
the microcontroller.
It contains the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit, Instruction Decoder
and some Special Registers (Stack Pointer, Status Register, Program Counter, etc...).
• Volatile Data Memory(RAM) This is memory used by
the microcontroller for temporary data storage, system setup and
peripherals configuration registers. Memory in this category includes
SRAM and DRAM.
AVR microcontrollers utilize SRAM.
• Non-Volatile Program Memory This is memory used by
the microcontroller to store programs.
The AVR microcontrollers utilize Flash for program storage .
Some AVR controllers contains a bit of EEPROM as well to store non volatile data.

7. • Interrupt Module Interrupts enable the microcontroller to monitor
certain events in the background while executing and application
program and react to the event if necessary pausing the original program.
This is all coordinated by the interrupt module.
• Digital I/O Module This module allows
digital/logic communication with the microcontroller and the external world.
Communication signals are that of TTL or CMOS logic.
• Analog I/O Modules These modules are use to
input/output analog information from/to the external world.
Analog modules include Analog Comparators and
Analog-to-Digital Converters.

8. • Serial Modules These modules are used for serial communication
with the external world.
An example is the
1- USART peripheral which utilizes the RS232 standard.
2- Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI).
3- Inter Integrated Circuit(I2C).

9. A microcontroller board , contains on-based power
supply , USB port to communicate with PC ,
and an Atmel microcontroller chip.
It simplify the process of creating and control system by providing the standard
Board that can be programmed and connected to the system without needing
Any sophisticated PCB design and implementation.
It is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software.
So any one can get details of its design and modify it or make his own himself.

12. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the Atmega 328P .
Atmega 328P

13. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs).
Digital
I/O Pins

14. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs).
PWM
Pins

15. It has 6 analog inputs.
Analog Pins

16. It has 16 MHz crystal oscillator and a USB connection.
USB Jack
Crystal

17. It has power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
Reset
Button
Power
Jack
ICSP
Header

18. It also contains an internal power supply.
Power Sockets

19. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 .
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button.
It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller simply connect
it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery
to get started.
The Uno is different from all preceding boards in that it does not use the
FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it features the Atmega328p programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release
of Arduino 1.0.

20. Analog , Digital

21. Analog

22. Digital