This is the seminar done to show the usage of low energy consuming building materials and its incorporation in Building constructions.

1. LOW ENERGY CONSUMING BUILDING MATERIALS
PRESENTED BY
R MAHIMA SHARADA 1VI15CV020

2. Contents:
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Building materials from Agro & Industrial waste
• Implementation
• Conclusion
• References
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 2

3. ABSTRACT
• A Low Energy Building is an energy efficient house, that is designed without traditional heating and active cooling
systems to use less energy than a conventional house.
• The low energy building, a design of buildings has been considered an important goal both to encourage resource
efficiency and to reduce the potential for global climate change associated with the consumption of fossil fuels.
• Such houses are a subset of low energy buildings and serves as example of sustainable architecture and energy efficient
landscaping.
• This seminar introduces the usage of agro and Industrial waste as a alternative building material for developing a energy
efficient building.
• Modern homes are built with energy efficiency in mind and are now constructed from a variety of different materials.
• A wide variety of energy efficient building materials are now available for today’s home builder. Every homeowner
should take advantages of the new eco-friendly technological advance in home building, because they are affordable,
more efficient and greener.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 3

4. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION :
• A low-energy house is characterized by an energy efficient design and specific technical features that allow it to
ensure high living standards and comfort while at the same time achieving low energy consumption levels,
traditional heating and active cooling systems are not present or their use is secondary.
HISTORY:
• In the seventies, many experimental initiatives towards low-energy buildings were made in countries
like Denmark, United States, Sweden, Canada and Germany until the German Passivhavs Institute introduced the
first passive house in 1990. Today, the implementation of standardized low-energy building concepts has developed
differently in each country.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 4

5. LITERATURE REVIEW :
1. ENERGY USE IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF CONVENTIONAL AND LOW ENERGY
BUILDINGS BY : SARTORI & A.G HESTEN :
This article introduce and reviews about The cases included both residential and non-residential units. Despite
climate and other background differences, the study revealed a linear relation between operating and total energy
valid through all the cases. low-energy buildings induces both a net benefit in total life cycle energy demand and an
increase in the embodied energy. A solar house provide to be more energy efficient than an equivalent house built
with commitment to use “green” materials.
2. LOW ENERGY BUILDINGS BY : ENNO ABEL
An attempt is made in this paper to systematize the ideas behind low-energy building concepts and energy-efficient
building solutions. The background to this is that many low-energy building concepts seem to have as a goal ‘the
exclusion of external purchased energy’ when energy-efficient solutions strive towards ‘the lowest possible energy
requirements with reasonable utilization of resources’. However, in discussions about research and demonstration
projects in this field and in reports published from these projects, this distinction is seldom, if ever, made. Especially
when it is a question of low-energy buildings, technical solutions are often suggested and demonstration projects are
carried out without a clear analysis of the applicability in practice.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 5

6. 3.LOW ENERGY, PASSIVE HOUSE AND ZERO ENERGY HOUSES BY,: DEVORH
Energy efficiency is important and in future it will be even more important. To achieve energy efficiency we will
have to adapt to new energy sources and new ways to save energy. Energy efficient house is only one part of
that. For now number of energy efficient buildings in world is very low, but when we build houses in that way
we also learn how to improve building methods even more. That knowledge will be probably used in the future
for all new buildings.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 6

7. Summary Of The Literature :
• From the above literature papers we can summarize that the adoption of energy efficient building materials
are environmentally friendly and biologically healthy material, it provides good thermal characteristics and
energy savings, it is basically earthquake resistance. A solar house provide to be more energy efficient than an
equivalent house built with commitment to use “green” materials. Energy efficiency is important and in future
it will be even more important. To achieve energy efficiency we will have to adapt to new energy sources and
new ways to save energy.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 7

8. Agro wastes as a building material :
Some of the agro wastes which can have applications in building construction are as follows:
1. Rice husk
2. Rice husk ash
3. Coir fiber
4. Sisal fiber
5. Bamboo
1. Rice husk:
• Rice husk has potential to use in the building construction.
• For instance, experiments have been made by making rice husk-formaldehyde boards.
• Such boards could be used as replacement for plywood panels.
• This is more environment friendly than plywood since use of plywood
implies considerable deforestation.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 8
Fig 1: Rice husk fibers

9. 2. Rice husk ash:
Rice husk ash, when rice husk is burnt under controlled
conditions, results in amorphous silica with excellent pozzolonic
properties.
3. Coir and sisal fiber:
Using coir and sisal fiber along with polyester resin as a
matrix appears to offer a cheaper, energy efficient alternative to
glass fiber reinforced polyester composites.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 9
Fig 2: Rice husk ash
Fig 3: Coir and Sisal fiber

10. 4. Bamboo :
Bamboo, cane and lantana are the biomass resources which
has its potential in building construction. Bamboo has been used
extensively for housing in north east region of India.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 10
Fig 4: Bamboo

11. • Industrial waste as a building material:
A large number of industries produce waste materials which need to be
either disposed off or utilized for some purpose.
Some of the typical industrial wastes may be listed as follows:
1.Fly ash from thermal power station.
2. Blast furnace slag from steel plants.
3. Marble polishing wastes.
4. Demolished building wastes.
1.Fly ash from thermal power station:
• Fly ash, which is obtained from electrostatic precipitators in thermal
power station, generally contains amorphous silica and alumina.
• These products have the property of combining readily with calcium
hydroxide, at surrounding temperature, in the presence of moisture.
• The resulting compounds are similar to what is found in hydrated
Portland cement.
• Thus, fly ash can be used as pozzolana in lime-pozzolana cements.
Addition of gypsum in small quantities will accelerate the strength
gain in such cements.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 11Fig 5: fly ash from thermal power plant

12. 2. Blast furnace slag from steel plants:
1. The slag from blast furnace has cementitious properties.
2. Portland blast furnace slag cement is made by grinding normal clinker with slag.
3.This cement has sulphate resisting properties and is ideal for in aggressive environments.
3. Marble polishing waste:
1.Marble dust can also be used for lime and hydraulic lime manufacture.
2. The marble dust may be converted to ball like aggregates by mixing boiled starch.
3. Such aggregates can then be burnt in a lime kiln to produce a quick lime.
4. If the marble dust is mixed with clay and then made into balls, the balls can be used to
make hydraulic lime.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 12
Fig 6: Blast furnace slag from steel plant
Fig 7: Marble polishing waste

13. 4.Demolished building wastes:
1. These are major source of land pollution in large cities.
2. Most of these can be recycled into building materials.
3. Sieving out fine material below 2mm can provide sand for
plasters and mortars. This may not be suitable for strong
concrete.
4. Brick bats, broken concrete etc. can be used as aggregates for
low strength concrete applications like foundation concrete,
flooring concrete etc.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 13
Fig 8: Demolished building wastes

14. Following are the energy efficient building
material:
1. Recycled steel:
• If recycled steel is used it will take just 6 scrap cars to
serve the same purpose.
• Steel beams can be used as a replacement for wooden ones
& can be ordered to fit a specific design
• Steel is a very durable material & particularly useful in
areas where there are earthquakes and high winds.
2. Insulating concrete forms:
• These have been around for more than half a century but are
now experiencing a comeback because of their energy saving
properties.
• Concrete is poured between 2 insulating layers and left in
place.
• It can be used for free standing walls and building blocks.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT
14
Fig 9: Recycled steel
Fig 10: Insulating concrete forms

15. 3.Plant-based Poly urethane foam:
• Everyone has heard about fiber glass insulation, but there is
an even better option now. It is totally safe and made from
natural products.
• It is usually made from natural materials such as Bamboo,
Hemp and Kelp.
• It is used as an insulation, it offers high resistance to the
moisture and heat and protects against Mold and Pests.
• It insulates better than a fiber glass.
• It is not really a surprise that a nature has once again provided
us with an better solution to our insulation problems than
artificial science.
4. Straw Bales:
• It is been used for centuries for purpose(beds, roofing) but
nowadays it can help us with its better insulation properties.
• If kept dry can last for 100 years and they bond well for
plastering and external render.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 15
Fig 10: Plant-based polyurethane foam
Fig 11: straw bales

16. 5. Cool roofs:
• Cool roofing technology has been around for over 15 years
now, it will improve the heat desipation and will lower the
temperature in our home during a summer a lot
• It is also safe for the environment because it lowers heat in the
atmosphere
• As the name, it is not this roof are cooling our home like air
conditioner its their reflectiveness which gives them the name.
• They reflect the sunlight and thus reducing the heat in our
home.
6. Plastic composite Lumber:
• It is manufactured from waste plastic and wood fiber.
• It is more durable and less toxic than conventionally treated
wood.
• It is resistant to mold and more rigid in the cold.
• It is suitable for bathrooms and outside ducts.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 16
Fig 12: Cool Roof
Fig 13: plastic composite lumber

17. 7. Low E- Windows:
• It is also known as a high performance windows and are another
great substitute for normal glass which will help us to reduce the
heat during summer and block infrared radiations.
• They have a clear coating of metal oxide
• It also helps keep the heat-in during the winter
• They can reduce the heat flow up to 50%.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 17
Fig 15: Low-E Coating performance

18. Advantages of Low energy Consuming Building Materials:
1. Low Maintenance and Operation Cost
2. Energy Efficiency
3. Enhances Indoor Environment Quality
4. Water Efficiency
6. Material Efficiency
8. Reduces Strain on Local Resources
9. Better Environment
Disadvantages of Low energy Consuming Building Materials:
1.Availability of these materials is less
2.No air cooling features
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 18

19. CONCLUSION
• The best low energy designs not only produce reduction in energy costs but also offer occupants the potential for higher
quality environments and more stable, controlled levels of thermal comfort
• There is no need to choose all of these materials which have been discussed above to build our home but even if one turns
out to be efficient that can be surely the right choice.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 19

20. IMPLEMENTATION :
Infinity Benchmark, Kolkata
It is 20 storey structure, which is spread over 5,60,000sq.feet. The building is
furnished with Co2 monitor sensors, rainwater harvesting, waste water recycling
system. The exterior of the building is made of brick wall block while the roof
comprises of thick polyurethane foam for better insulation.
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
This structure is designed in a way to ensure maximum daylight exposure thereby
Reducing artificial lighting consumption. The infrastructure within the campus is
designed to enable water percolation and thereby control storm water proof thus,
Contributing towards an increased water table levels.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 20

21. ITC CENTER GREEN BUILDING HYDERABAD
The building is designed keeping in mind the highest
environmental standards. It is made up of brick and concrete
comprising of fly-ash and is equipped with high efficiency
equipment that reduce 53 percent energy consumption over a
conventional building and 40 percent portable water
requirements. Zero water discharge, solar thermal
technology, strom water management system, minimum
exterior lighting and separate smoking rooms with exhaust
system are some of the other features of the building.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 21

22. REFERENCES
1. K.S . JAGADISH, Energy efficient building materials and technologies Workshop on solar passive Architecture. Karnataka
state council for science and technology, Bangalore, 23-25 jan.1996.
2. MARTIN VONKA, Environment Impact Assessment of the Residential Buildings and the Multicriterion Approach, Faculty
of civil Engineering, Dept. of Building Structures, Czech Republic, 2003.
3. JOSEPH GEORGE, K. DAMODARAN and H.N.JAGADISH, Veneer Roofs for Rural and Low Cost Houses. Report
Indian plywood Industries Research Institute, Bangalore 1978.
4. C.K.S PILLAI et al. A Process for Extending the Life of Coconut Leaf Thatch Regional Research Laboratory, Trivandrum,
Report No. RRL/M/83/2, April 1983.
5. K RAMAMURTHY, Accelerated Masonry Construction with Interlocking Blocks, National Workshop on Alternative
Building Methods, Dept. of Civil Engg. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 16-18 Jan. 2002.
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 22

23. THANK YOU
6/30/2019 DEPT OF CIVIL ENGG, VEMANA IT 23