4. Modeling Approach
• Euler- Euler approach
• Discrete Phase Model
• Solid V.F. is < 0.1
• Not suitable for Fluidized bed
• Euler-Lagrangian Model
• Dense Discrete Phase Model (DDPM)
• Modify DPM methods
• Handling higher V.F. and internal particle forces
• Hybrid model of Euler-Granular
• Additional forces are used
• Batter representation of particle behaviour
5. Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow
• Particle movement is defined by kinetic transport b/w collision and energy
transfer
• Granular Temp.
• Solid Stress Tensor
• Granular Viscosity
• Collision Viscosity
• Kinetic Viscosity
• Frictional Viscosity
• Solid Pressure
• Radial Distribution Function
6. DEM Simulation
• Lagrangian Approach
• Discontinues
• Classical Mechanics Interactions
• Resolution at particle level
• Each particles :
• Rotation
• Positional and Radial Momentum
• Simulation Consists:
• Initialization
• Time-stepping
• Post- processing
7. Governing Principle
• Newton 2nd Law of Motion
• Conservation of Momentum
• Particle motion translational
• Rotational
• Force Displacement law
• Frictional
• Stiffness
• Material Behaviour
• Cohesion
• Heat transfer
• Electrostatics
• Methods
• Soft-sphere Methods
• Hard-sphere Methods
• Contact force Model
8. Johnson and Jakson Wall Boundary Condition
• Solid and Wall Interactions
• Specularity Coefficient(0 to 1)
• Drag Model
9. Commercial Problem
Statement
Use Basic Physical Properties
Collect constitutive
Equations
Input or Adjust Parameters
in Constitutive Equations
Does it look
Good ?
No
yes
Scale –Up Aid
CFD Simulation
No
10. Commercial Problem
Statement
Data mining w.r.t. Practical
properties & Fluidization Regimes
AI on Data: What is
important w.r.t. Problems
Use Some Existing
Constitutive Equations
Use Specific
Constitutive
Equations
Specific Constitutive
Methods
CFD Simulations
Does Agree
With Data
Scale up Process
yes
No
