This document provides a summary of linear circuits and basic electronics concepts presented by Maham Adil. It defines Lenz's law, which states that an induced current will always flow to oppose the change that created it. It also explains Faraday's first law relating the mass of an element deposited during electrolysis to the quantity of electricity passed, and Faraday's second law stating masses deposited are proportional to chemical equivalents. Finally, it describes Fleming's left and right hand rules for determining the direction of induced current in a conductor moving through a magnetic field.

1. PRESENTATION
OF
LINEAR CIRCUIT & BASIC
ELECTRONICS
Presented
by
Maham Adil

2. Name: Maham Adil
Batch: CIT 1st Year
Teacher: Sir Faisal Ayub
Zeeshan Institute of Science &
Technology

3. Faraday’s 1st Law Faraday’s 2nd Law
Fleming’s Left-
hand Rule
Fleming’s Right-
hand Rule
Lenz’s Law

4. Lenz’s Law
An induced current always flows in a direction such
that is opposes the change which produced it.
OR
An induced current in a closed conducting loop will
appear in such a direction that it opposes the
change that produced it.

5. Lenz’s Law

6. Michael Faraday

7. Faraday’s Law

8. Faraday’s 1st Law
•Statement:
•The mass of an element which is deposited on
an electrode during electrolysis is directly
proportional to the quantity of electricity which
passes through the electrolyte.

9. Faraday’s 1st Law
•Explanation:
• IfW is the amount of substance which liberates or deposited at the
electrode on passing the electricity through the electrolyte and the
quantity
of electricity is Q, then
W = ZQ
Z is the electrochemical constant for a given substance
Note:
Faraday's first law of electrolysis is written as:
W = ZAt
Here;
W= is actually mass and not weight, as mass is commonly called
weight.

10. Faraday’s 2nd Law
•Faraday's second law of electrolysis
states that, when the same quantity of
electricity is passed through several
electrolytes, the mass of the substances
deposited are proportional to their
respective chemical equivalent or
equivalent weight.

11. Fleming’s Left-hand Rule

12. Video
Fleming’s Left-hand Rule

14. Fleming’s Right-hand Rule
•Fleming's right-hand rule (for generators)
shows the direction of induced current when
a conductor moves in a magnetic field. It can be
used to determine the direction of current in a
generator's windings.
•When a conductor such as a wire attached to a
circuit moves through a magnetic field,
an electric current is induced in the wire due
to Faraday's law of induction.The current in the
wire can have two possible directions. Fleming's
right-hand rule gives which direction the current
flows.

15. Fleming’s Right-hand Rule
The right hand is held with the thumb, first
finger and second finger mutually perpendicular to each
other (at right angles).
The thumb is pointed in the direction of motion of the
conductor.
•The first finger is pointed in the direction of the
magnetic field. (north to south)
•Then the second finger represents the direction of the
induced or generated current (the direction of the
induced current will be the direction of conventional
current; from positive to negative).

16. Thanks for
Watching