In this file, there is the description about bioactive compounds, there definition, explanation, introduction, types, sources and ways to cure them.

1. BIOACTIVE
COMPOUNDS
&
CANCER
Use of bioactive compounds for treating
cancer

2. Submitted to:
MA’AM RAHEELA IJAZ
Submitted by:
MADIHA ASAD
(L1S21BSBT0110)
SAMEERA JAMIL
(L1S21BSBT0089)

3. CONTENTS:
 INTRODUCTION.
 BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS.
THEIR ANTI-CANCEROUS
EFFECTS.

4. Madiha Asad
(L1S21BSBT0110)
Introduction:
 Bioactive compounds
 Cancer
 Nutrigenomics

5. BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS:
A type of chemical found in small amounts in plants and
certain food.
“Bioactive compounds are extranutritional constituents that
typically occur in small quantities in foods and promote good
health."
Example:
Lycopene, resveratrol, lignin, tannis and indoles.
[6,7,8]

7. CANCER
Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's
cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other
parts of the body.
[9]

8. [5]

9. Nutrigenomics studies the modulating effect of the chemical
compounds in foods and on the stability of DNA synthesis and
gene expression.
The nutrients are able to affect the genome and its
expression
 By the synthesis of nucleotides
 prevention and repair of DNA damage
 By epigenetic mechanisms (methylation of histones,
proteins responsible for chromatin structure that play an
important role in regulating gene expression. [4]

10. Many bioactive compounds have been discovered.
These compounds vary widely in chemical structure
and function and are grouped accordingly.

11. Bioactive compounds Examples Sources
Supposed anticancer
effects
Polyphenolic
compounds
Quercetin, resveratrol,
catechin
Red wine, chocolate,
flaxseed oil
Carcinogen
detoxification, inhibit
tumor
initiation/promotion,
antimutagen
Carotenoids
Lycopene, lutein,
cryptoxanthin
Tomatoes, carrots, leafy
vegetables
Antimutagen
Sulfur-Containing
compounds
Allicin, diallyl sulfide,
allyl mercaptan
Sulforaphane
Garlic, onion, leek
Carcinogen
detoxification, inhibit
tumor
initiation/promotion
Terpenoid Perillic acid, d-limonene Cherries, mint, herbs
Carcinogen
detoxification, inhibit

12. Poly-Phenolic compounds:
Polyphenolic compounds are a diverse group of natural
compounds with multiple phenolic functions.
 Occurrence:
In plants.
 Roles:
• Protection against cardiovascular disease.
• Metabolic dysfunction & aging.
• Anticarcinogenic

13. The polyphenols from food occur in forms;
 Polymers.
 Esters.
 Glycosides.
Pathway:
Polyphenols hydrolyzed by microbes
(enter the body) absorbed

14. Polyphenols are also involved in
 methylation  sulfation  glucuronidation
Factors affecting activity of phenols are rate of;
 Metabolism.  Absorption.  Elimination.
Points to discuss;
 Hepatic activity
 Dietary phenols and their function [1]

15. Polyphenolic
compounds
Sources Examples
Flavonoids Chocolate, red wine, tea,
apple, onions, broccoli,
olives
Flavonols, isoflavonoids,
anthocyanidins,
Phenolic acids Coffee, black tea, cereals Benzoic acid, cinnamic
acid
Stilbenes Grapes, peanuts, red
wine
Resveratrol
Lignans Flaxseed oil, clover,
lucerne
Secoisolariciresinol,
matairesinol
[2]

16. Flavonoids:
flavonoids are sub-class of polyphenols recognized
for their low molecular weight.
Abundaces:
1. Tea.
2. Chocolate
3. Plants (fruits flowers)

17. Anthocyanins
Kaempferols
Quercetin
Luteolin
FLAVONOIDS
[1,6,7]

18. Sameera Jamil
(L1S21BSBT0089)
Other Types Of Bioactive
Compounds

19. Non-flavonoid Compounds:
1. Resveratrol (stilbene family)
(Antioxidant & Anticarcinogenic)
2. Lignans (arctigenin, magnolol & honokiol)
(inc. level of anti [oxidant & inflammatory] and
carcinogen-deactivating enzymes.
[1,6,7]

20. 3. Phenolic acids
(antiproliferative and proapoptic effects)
Types:
 Hydroxybenzoic acid.
 Hydroxycinnamic acid.
[1]
 Magnolol (colorectal cancer prevention)
 Honokiols (prevent pancreatic cancer)

21. Carotenoids (tetrapene family):
 Abundant in fruits and vegetables.
 It includes carotene, lycopene, lutein and
cryptoxanthin
Pathway:
carotenoids decrease in size absorption
(by bile salts in intestine) (in enterocytes)
[1,7]

22. Sulfur-Containing Compounds:
(biosynthesis of secondary metabolites &
protection against stimuli)
It includes;
1. Glutathione
2. L-cysteine
3. L-glutamic acid
4. glycine [1,6,7]

23. Terpenoid:
 Most abundant secondary metabolites.
 Largest compounds.
 Derived from mevalonic acid containing;
 five carbon isoprene units
[1,6]

24. Other Compounds with Anticancer Effect:
 Dietary fibers.
 Vitamin C.
 Vitamin D.
 Melatonin.
[1,7]

25. References:
1. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2022/1429869/
2. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2022/1429869/tab3/
3. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2022/1429869/tab2/
4. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/44354
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6995630/
6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12566142/
7. https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(01)00995-0/fulltext
8. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-
terms/def/bioactive-compound
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564139/