2. Circulatory System
The organ system of the body that is responsible for the
transport of material throughout the body is called the
circulatory system.
● The materials transported are nutrients, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, cells, etc
● The medium of transportation is blood.
● The primary parts of the circulatory system are heart,
arteries and veins.
3. Blood
● Blood is a fluid tissue that transports nutrients and oxygen
to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other
waste products in our body.
● The fluid part of blood is called plasma and has various
salts and nutrients dissolved in it.
● Blood cells are suspended in plasma and they are Red Blood
Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs) and Platelets.
4. Plasma
● Plasma is the liquid component of the blood in which most
of the blood cells are suspended.
● It is mostly made up of water (up to 95%) and contains
dissolved nutrients, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
5. RBC
● Red blood cells (RBC) present in the blood are responsible
for the transport of oxygen throughout the body.
● They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin, which
binds with the oxygen.
● The reddish colour of the blood is due to haemoglobin.
6. WBC
● The blood contains white blood cells (WBC),
which are part of the immune system.
● They are like soldiers, which fight and kill germs
that may enter the body.
7. Blood Platelets
● Platelets are the smallest cells in the blood.
● By clumping together, they form a blood clot, preventing
loss of blood due to bleeding.
● They prevent excessive damage to the blood vessels by
binding together at the site of damage.
8. Blood Vessels
● Blood vessels are tubes that carry blood all over
the body.
● Arteries, veins and capillaries are collectively
called as blood vessels.
9. Arteries
● Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated
blood to the cells and tissues of our body.
● They carry blood from the heart to the tissues.
10. Veins
● Veins are blood vessels that carry away
deoxygenated blood from the cells and tissues of
our body.
● They carry blood from tissues to the heart.
11. Capillaries
● Capillaries are the smallest of the body’s blood vessels.
● It serves the most important task of the circulatory
system: exchange of material between circulation and
cells.
● The fine network makes it easy for the process of
diffusion of materials due to the increase in surface area.
Editor's Notes
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you can feel your heart fighting away
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every time you put your hand to your
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chest but do you have any idea what's
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really going on in there or what keeps
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your heart ticking as it should every
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day your heart beats about 100,000 times
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sending 2,000 gallons of blood surging
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through your body although it's no
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bigger than your fist your heart has the
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mighty job of keeping the blood flowing
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through 60,000 miles of blood vessels
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that feed your organs and tissues food
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water and oxygen are essential for the
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existence of human life blood transports
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all these substances through various
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channels called blood vessels blood
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vessels involves arteries veins
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capillaries to keep the blood flowing
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throughout our body we have a pumping
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system and the heart is the pump which
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is composed of muscle that pumps blood
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throughout the body
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beating approximately 72 times per
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minute of our lives the human heart has
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four chambers the right atrium
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the left atrium
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the right ventricle
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and the left ventricle
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there are four valves in the heart these
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valves are tricuspid valve
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mitral valve
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a or take valve
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pulmonic valve
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these valves are one-way valves
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now you have seen the structure of the
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heart let us find out how it works
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the blood becomes oxygen-rich by
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absorbing oxygen in the lungs the
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function of the heart starts when
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oxygenated blood is carried from the
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lungs to the left atrium of the heart by
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means of the pulmonary veins the left
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atrium relaxes this blood is pumped into
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the heart
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when the left atrium contracts the left
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ventricle relaxes simultaneously the
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left atrium pushes the blood into the
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left ventricle through the one-way valve
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when the left ventricle
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tracks the blood is pumped into the
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aorta which carries oxygenated blood to
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the different parts of the body except
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the lungs oxygenated blood reaches the
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different parts of the body through the
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blood vessels called the arteries the
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arteries gets branched into capillaries
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which then reaches to the different
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organs of the body the blood and becomes
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deoxygenated and the blood capillaries
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gets mixed and form thicker blood
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vessels called the veins the veins carry
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deoxygenated blood to the heart the
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blood vessels that carry deoxygenated
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blood heart are known as the vena cava
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the deoxygenated blood from different
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parts of body enters the upper right
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chamber of the heart which is called the
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right atrium
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tracted allowing the blood to flow into
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the right ventricle which contracts with
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the expansion of the right atrium
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through the one-way valve the right
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ventricle then contracts pushing the
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blood into the pulmonary artery the
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pulmonary artery carries the
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deoxygenated blood to the lungs for
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oxygenation the lungs oxygenate the
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blood by exchanging of gases and flows
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back into the heart through the
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pulmonary vein and starts the
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circulatory cycle all over again
