RS & GIS application

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Remote Sensing and GIS
Applications

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Introduction to Remote Sensing
and GIS
 Remote Sensing and GIS techniques become potential and
indispensable tools for solving many problems of civil
engineering and terrain.

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 Remote Sensing is the science and art of acquiring information
about material, objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming
into physical contact with the objects, or area, or phenomenon
under investigation.
Remote sensing

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Remote Sensing process
• The reflection of sunlight from
vegetation will give information on
the reflection coefficient of the
object and its spectral variations
and thus on the nature the object
(green trees, etc.).
• The total amount of emitted
radiation increases with the body’s
absolute temperature and peaks at
progressively shorter wavelengths.
• The sun, being a major source of
energy, radiation and illumination,
allows capturing reflected light with
conventional cameras and films.

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GIS
 A (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing,
managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically
referenced information.
 Gis Co-relates different kinds of spatial data and their attribute data.
 In a GIS, collections of geographic features are organized into
data sets, such as land parcels, fire locations, buildings,
orthophoto imagery, and raster-based (DEMs).
Precisely defined geographic data sets are critical for useful
geographic information systems, and the layer-based concept
of thematic collections of information is critical for GIS data sets.
Types of Spatial Data

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Importance of GIS
• GIS makes connections between activities based on geographic
proximity
– looking at data geographically can often suggest new insights,
explanations
– these connections are often unrecognized without GIS, but can
be vital to understanding and managing activities and resources
– e.g. we can link toxic waste records with school locations
through geographic proximity
• GIS allows access to administrative records - property ownership,
tax files, utility cables and pipes - via their geographical positions.

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Three Views of GIS
1) The Database View:
It is an "Information System for Geography."Fundamentally, a
GIS is based on a structured database that describes the world in
geographic terms.
Fig. Schematic representation of a GIS

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2) The Map View:
Maps of the underlying geographic information can be
constructed and used as "windows into the database" to
support queries, analysis, and editing of the information.
Fig. Schematic representation of a Map

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3) The Model View:
A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that
derive
new geographic datasets from existing datasets. These geo
processing functions take information from existing datasets,
apply analytic functions, and write results into new derived
datasets.

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Fig. Schematic representation of a Model

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In the Fig. GPS and GIS were used to accurately model the expected location and distribution of debris for
the Space Shuttle Columbia, which broke up upon re-entry over eastern Texas on February 1, 2003.

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In structural engineering:
Application of Remote
Sensing and GIS
 FOS has many advantages over the traditional electrical system
such as:
Suitable for long-term permanent SHM: monitor structure during
construction stage and whole life span.
Fiber optic sensors use light signal - no electrical sparking, intrinsically
safe.

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• Monitoring can be used as a tool for “supervised lifetime
extension” of bridges approaching the end of their life or in
need of major repair. It ensures that such bridges are operated
safely while allowing the postponement of major investments
and traffic disruption.
• (a)

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• (b)
Fig. FBG sensor installation in bridge rebar segments – (a) Individual component of a FBG Sensor and (b)
FBG Sensor installed in a bridge

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Regional Planning and Site Investigations:
• Site investigations in general require topographic and geologic
considerations.
•
Figure : USGS scanned, rectified topographic map
called a digital raster graphic (DRG).
Figure : USGS geologic map.

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Town Planning and Urban Development:
• Advance urban planning is required for a planned
development of the area for which up to date real time and
accurate information are the vital important.
Water Distribution Network Gas Distribution Network

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Environment and Geology:
• Remote sensing plays a vital role in delineating potential areas of
groundwater occurrence for detailed exploration, thus reducing the
cost and time involved in groundwater exploration.
Example: Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission
The Remote Sensing/GIS Center supports
Defense Environmental Restoration Account
(DERA), Formerly Used Defense Site
Restoration(FUSRAP), and Integrated
Training Area Management (ITAMS)
implementation.

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Water Resources Engineering:
Water Resources Engineering:
• Remotely sensed data of pre and post dam construction can
reveal the forest and other land at different water levels.
• In case of floods, appropriate flood management work has to
be executed to reduce the damages and utilize the flood waters
by (using multi-date Pre-flood and post flood images) damage
due to flood can be successfully assessed.

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Least cost highway alignment:
To obtain an optimum highway route alignment which is
economical, suitable and compatible with the environment,
with help of large bulk of spatial data using remote sensing.

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Terrain Mapping and Analysis:
Terrain information can be acquired from RS data and by
generating the Digital Terrain Model (DTM).
Terrain Analysis

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Transportation Network Analysis
With the help of high spatial resolution data, mapping of road
and rail network can be accomplished.

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Conclusion:
There are ample evidences of applying the recent
advances in satellite based remote sensing and GIS
technology in various fields of civil engineering.
space programme ensuring continuous availability of
RS data and launching of future satellites carrying high
spatial and spectral resolution sensors can go a long
way in providing useful information required for civil
engineering applications.

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ANY QUARIES

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THANK
Q
ALL