10. Discrepancy in Self-concept
Rogers (1953) states there is usually a
contradiction or discrepancy between the
real self and the ideal self. This difference
may result in discomfort and personality
problems which can be resolved by paying
more attention to one’s actual experiences,
working more at positive experiences, and
paying less attention to the expectations of
others.
11.
12. POSITIVE REGARD
• Is believed to be important for the healthy
development of one’s self-concept and for
successful interpersonal relationships
(Liebert & Spiegler, 1994)
• Positive regards includes love, sympathy,
warmth, acceptance, and respect with which
people crave from family, friends, and other
significant people.
13. CONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD
•Refers to positive regard received as
a result of acceptable behaviour or
living up to the expectations and
standards of others.
•For example, a teacher may reward
students for passing the test.
14. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE
REGARD
•On the other hand refers to the love
and acceptance by a person
regardless of who he/she is or what
he/she does. For instance, parents
may still love and respect their child
even if the child flunks an exam.
16. SELF-ESTEEM
•Personality and social development refer
to how a person’s sense of self-identity,
relationships with others, and skills
necessary for social interactions evolve.
•Self-esteem is the level of importance
attributed to oneself and one’s abilities.
17. •One may put a high value or a low
value on his/her worth as a person.
In many ways, self-esteem relates to
a person’s attractiveness and social
competence.
•It is likewise associated with
important positive or negative
outcomes.
18. •One should strive to develop a high self-
esteem because it determines his/her
kind of personal and social
relationships. Holding good feelings
about oneself results in flexibility and
adaptability to situations and people.
•On the other hand, a low-self esteem
may lead to poor social relationships.
19. Self-Actualization
Human possess an inner drive to grow, improve, and use
their potential to the fullest (Plotnik, 2014). The final stage in
completed growth is known as self-actualization or self-
fulfillment.
• According to Abraham Maslow (1943), a self-actualizing
person has reached the highest level or peak of his/her
personal development and has fully realized his/her
potential as a human being.
• The self-fulfilled person is generally happy, generous with
his/her time and effort to help others, and strives for the
common good for his/her family, community, country, and
even humanity.
22. FIRST LEVEL (Physiological Needs)
It is for survival comprised of
food, water, shelter, clothing, and
sleep.
23. SECOND LEVEL ( SAFETY AND
SECURITY NEEDS
This stage involves health and well-
being, property, social stability, and
protection from harm, among others.
24. THIRD LEVEL (LOVE AND
BELONGINGNESS)
Adults and adolescence who are
starting to look for serious
relationships are particularly
concerned with satisfying the needs
at this level.
25. FOURTH LEVEL (ESTEEM NEEDS)
It contains items such as
achievement, competency, approval,
recognition, and respect from
others.
26. FINAL LEVEL (SELF ACTUALIZATION
NEEDS)
Included in this level are morality,
realization of the purpose in life,
meaning, inner potentials, and the like.
This level aims for the full development
of one’s unique potentials.
27. Characteristics of Self-actualized
Persons
They have a reached high level of moral
development and are more concerned with the
welfare of loved ones, friends, and humanity in
general than themselves.
They are open, honest, and have the courage to
act on their convictions, even if it makes them
unpopular.
28. They have an accurate, concrete, and
realistic- rather than a romanticized-view of
people and life, and yet they are positive
about life.
Life is always challenging and fresh to self-
actualizing individuals.
29. One key action to fully satisfy your
needs at each stage and to achieve
self-actualization is to study hard.
In the process, you acquire a big
stock of knowledge, as well as
develop the necessary life skills
which will help you achieve your
goals.
