BASIC COMPUTER COMPONENTS

1. PROJECT REPORT
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
The project report is submitted by Field Technician -
Computing and Peripherals
Orion Edutech
Founded Partner of NSDC
BARASAT, KOL-700125
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT
AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Name : Mintu Gazi
Subject : Computer Components
Batch no. : 1802WB00006DJELE
Job Role : Field Technician

2. Name of all Components of the Computer
 Monitor
 Key- Board
 Mouse
 Mother- Board
 Processor
 RAM
 ROM
 SMPS
 UPS
 HDD
 ODD
 Software
Here, we shows above the table a Computer and a Mouse.
And below the table we have seen a Cabinet Box of M.B and a Key-
Board.

3. History of Computers :
Computer has become an indispensable and multipurpose device. It
has become a basic necessity of life and it is difficult to imagine life
without it. Computer is, basically, an electronic device for performing
arithmetic and logical operations, or it can be said that "Computer is
a device, or a flexible machine used to process data and convert it
into information". For many people, computer is just a device used
for calculation or computation, but actually it is much more than
that.
Development of Computers :
Computation has done since earlier times with the aid of devices,
when generally there was interaction at one to one level utilizing
fingers. A form of tally stick was possibly the first counting device.
Later, people in the fertile crescent region began record keeping by
using calculi with aids such as clay spheres and cones. These aids
were, possibly, representations of items such as livestock or contains
of grains. Counting rods and stones were used with passing of time.
People, gradually, began to follow certain steps to calculate with
stones, giving birth to digital counting devices. These proved to be
the predecessor of the first device invented for calculation, called as
the ABACUS.
The ABACUS :
Abacus was used to do quick additions and subtractions mechanically.
Although it was initially developed in the 10th century by the Egyptians, it was
the chinese who gaveit its proper shape in the 12th century. Itcomprised of a
wooden frame with rods fitted from one end to the other. The rods had round
beads slid onto them, which represented different numbers according to their
position. The abacus had an upper section called heaven and a lower section
called Earth.

4.  Monitor : A Computer monitor is an output devices that displays
information in pictorial form .The monitor usually comprises the display
device, circuitry , casing and power supply. We shows a lot of companies
are making like as LG, SUMSUNG, LENOVO, APPLEAND DELL. etc.
We shows many types of monitors that LCD,LED,CRTetc.
 Key- Board : In computing, a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style
device which uses an arrangementof buttons or keys to act as
mechanical levers or electronic switches.
 Key- Board Function : A computer keyboard is an input device used to
enter characters and functions into the computer system by pressing
buttons, or keys. Itis the primary device used to enter text. A keyboard
typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers and special
characters, as well as keys for specific functions.

5.  Mouse : A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that
detects two-dimensionalmotion relative to a surface. This motion
is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display,
which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface.
Example as OPTICAL, LASSER, BALL- MOUSEetc.
 Mother- Board : A motherboard is the main printed circuit
board found in general purposemicrocomputers and other
expandable systems. Itholds and allows communication between
many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as
the central processing unitand memory, and provides connectors
for other peripherals .
Itis two types mother boards as - a) Integrated, b) Non- Integrated
Mother board.
a) Integrated Mother Board : This is a device which haveall kinds of
connecters and supportthem. Example as Server computer.
b) Non- Integrated Mother Board : This is a device which have not
supportof all kinds of connectors. Example as Home, Officecomputer.

6.  Processor : A central processing unit is the electronic circuitry
within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer
programby performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling and
input/output operations specified by the instructions. Example as
AMD and INTEL , as Core i3, core i5 ,corei7 and now latest as i9
etc.
Next view as
 RAM : Random-access memory is a form of computer data
storagethat stores data and machine code currently being used. A
random-access memory deviceallows data items to be read or
written in almost the sameamount of time irrespectiveof the
physicallocation of data inside the memory.
 ROM : Read-only memory is a type of non-volatile memory used
in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM
can only be modified slowly, with difficulty, or not at all, so it is
mainly used to storefirmwareor application softwarein plug-in
cartridges. All those are primary memory.

7.  Memory :
 Differences of RAM and ROM :

8.  SMPS : A switched-modepower supply is an electronic power
supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convertelectrical
power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers
power froma DC or AC sourceto DC loads, such as a personal
computer, while converting voltage and currentcharacteristics.
View as SMPS :
 UPS : An uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power
sourceis an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power
to a load when the input power sourceor mains power fails.
View as UPS :

9.  HDD : A hard disk drive, hard disk storage to store and retrieve digital
information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks coated, hard
drive, or fixed disk, is an electromechanical data storage device that uses
magnetic with magnetic material.
 ODD : In computing, an optical disc driveis a disc drivethat uses laser
light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visiblelight spectrum
as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.
 Software : Computer software, or simply software, is a collection of
data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. This is
in contrastto physicalhardware, from which the system is built and
actually performs the work.