Fire Safety and Prevention Seminar GN POWER FPM 2022.pptx

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS

6. 1975 August President Ferdinand Marcos enacted Presidential Decree 765 in which created the
Integrated National Police (INP) by integrating all city and municipal police and fire
departments and jails.
1991 January 1 The BFP was created and situated under the umbrella of the Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG) by virtue of Rule 111, Section 49 of Republic Act 6975, also
known as the “Department of Interior and Local Government Act.
2004 June Congress enacted Republic Act 9263, or the “BFP Professionalization Act of 2004,”
which aimed to boost the qualification standards of appointment at the BFP.
2008 December the Revised Fire Code of the Philippines or Republic Act 9514 was signed into law,
establishing a comprehensive and updated Fire Code for the country
2019 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (RIRR) of RA 9514 “The Fire Code of the
Philippines”

8. From 1991 and beyond…
the BFP continues to aim to follow its mandate
and pursue measures to boost its capacity to
do so….

9. BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

11. “Approximately 285 Filipinos
died and 987 are injured
each year in fires.”

12. MODULE 1
(MODIFIED VERSION)

13. Fire is..
• Helpful and destructive to mankind;
• More than a necessary evil;
• Once controlled, it provides warmth and food;
• If uncontrolled, it produces death and destruction of properties.
*Because of the power of fire, it’s unintentional origin and behavior are difficult to predict
and determine

15. Characteristics of a fire
• FAST
A fire will double every 30 Seconds under normal conditions.
In as little as 3 minutes, a small fire can erupt into a “FLASHOVER”.
• DARK
A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building in minutes.
Smoke results in:
 Teary eyes
 Choking sensation
 Impaired judgment due to Carbon Monoxide (CO)
 Loss of spatial recognition
 Sedation effect - Respiratory failure

16. • HOT
Within minutes, air temperature in a burning room can reach
300 degrees Celsius. This temperature is hot enough to melt
clothes, skin and scorch your lungs in one breathe.
Temperatures can climb to between 650-760 degrees
Celsius.
• DEADLY
Most people who die in fires, die from BREATHING SMOKE AND
TOXIC GASES.
Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Ammonia and hundreds of
other irritants attack your eyes, nose, throat and lungs.
They numb your senses and leave you dazed.

18. Approximately 16% Required
Normal air contains 21% O2. Some
fuel materials contain sufficient
oxygen within their makeup to support
burning.
To Reach Ignition Temperature
Open Flames - The Sun
Hot Surfaces
Sparks and Arcs
Friction - Chemical Action
Electrical Energy
Compression of Gases
GAS
Natural Gas Propane
Butane Hydrogen
Acetylene
Carbon Monoxide
LIQUID
Gasoline Kerosene
Turpentine Alcohol
Liver Oil Paint
Varnish Lacquer
Olive Oil Others
SOLID
Bulky - Dust
Finely Divided Coal
Wood Paper
Cloth Plastic
Grain Others

20. FIRE
THEORY

21. Fire is extinguished by limiting or interrupting one
or more of the essential elements in the combustion
process (fire tetrahedron).
TEMPERATURE
FUEL
UNINHIBITED CHAIN REACTION
OF COMBUSTION PROCESS
OXYGEN

26. How does a fire
spreads?

27. Radiation
Radiation is the transmission of heat energy
through electromagnetic wave.

28. Convection
Convection is the transfer of heat energy by the
movement of heated fluids.
HEAT

29. M
E
T
A
L
Ordinary combustible materials
M
E
T
A
L
Heat Transfer by CONDUCTION. It is the transmission of
heat from one body to another. It is the transfer of heat
from one molecule to another molecule

30. CLASSES OF FIRE
Wood, cloth, rubber, paper,
and some types of plastics
Gasoline, oil, paint, natural and
propane gases, and flammable
liquids, gases, and greases
Energized electrical equipment
Combustible metals, such as
sodium, magnesium, and
potassium
Cooking Oils

31. Personal
protective
equipment
(ppe)

33. PERSONAL ALERT AND SAFETY SYSTEM (provides life safety protection
by emitting a loud shriek if a firefighter collapses or remain motionless for approx. 30 seconds)

36. FIRE EXTINGUISHER

37. NOZZLE
Hose
SIPHONE TUBE

39. Upang paganahin ang iyong fire
extinguisher, tandaan ang
salitang "PASS"
P – PULL A – AIM S - SQUEEZE S - SWEEP

40. WHY SECONDS COUNT..

42. IGNITION/INCIPIENT STAGE
(PRE HEAT/PRE IGNITION STAGE)
As an ember lands within a load of flammable material, a
fuel source, such as pine needles and leaves left in rain
gutters, it is setting the stage for ignition to occur. With the
help of oxygen, the ember increases in heat and strength.

43. GROWTH PHASE (FLAMING)
The combination of heat, oxygen, and fuel increase the
odds of the fire growing to the next stage. This is when the
structure becomes the next available fuel source, the fire
begins to spread beyond the initial ignition point. Flames
are visible and gaining ground.

44. FULLY DEVELOPED/ FLASH OVER PHASE
(TRANSITION)
As more fuel becomes consumed, the fire moves into a fully
developed state. This is the most dangerous phase of a fire,
and the hottest. At the peak of combustion, once all the
material has been ignited, the fire begins its downward
spiral.

45. DECAY PHASE (Smoldering, Glowing)
With a decrease in fuel or oxygen, the fire reduces down to
embers and ash. This is a dangerous phase because any
introduction of new fuel loads or increase in oxygen could
reinvigorate the fire. This is the longest stage of a fire; in
fact, it often takes weeks to fully extinguish all embers and
firebrands from a large fire.

47. TEN PHASES
OF
FIRE
OPERATION

48. 1. PRE-FIRE PLANNING
To be able to know the problem which may be encountered and what to do in case of fire start in a particular building or area.
The availability of tools, manpower and apparatus. Getting to know the data about the area. Roads, Maps familiarization should be given
importance too.

49. 2. SIZE-UP
Factors to be considered :
L = Life Hazard
E = Exposure
T = Type of Emergency
C = Combustibility
A = Accessibility
T = Type of Construction

50. Type of Occupancy:
1.Storage
2.Institutional
3.Business
4.Educational
5.Residential
6.Industrial
7.Assembly
8.Mercantile
9.Miscellaneous
10.Mixed

51. 3. RESCUE
- Removal of victims from endangered area and
bringing them to a place of safety.
Situations on rescue needed:
1. burning building
2. collapsed/demolished building
3. gaseous area
4. floods
5. electrical contact
6. vehicular contact

52. QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESCUER:
1. Tenderness
2. Sympathy
3. Firmness
4. Determination
5. Technical Skill

53. 4. COVER EXPOSURE
- to prevent the fire from extending to other
uninvolved building
5. CONFINEMENT
- to prevent the fire from extending to
uninvolved portion of the building
a. Upward extension
b. Sideward extension
c. Downward extensions

54. VENTILATIO
N
To displace smoke,
hot and poisonous
gases from
contaminated area
and replacing them
with fresh air from
outside

56. 8. SALVAGE
- is to protect the building and contents from
unnecessary damaged due to water,
smoke and other elements.
Objective:
a.) to protect and preserve the property
b.) to reduce the damage on property

58. Salvage operation, like rescue and first aid are allied to fire
fighting.
The term salvage operation includes all operations
required to protect a property from unnecessary damaged
caused by excessive water or other extinguishing materials.
Salvage operation includes covering objects with salvage
cloth and removing water from the property so that it
doesn’t seep thru floors and cause damages to the contents
of lower floors. In this way, a building can be restored to a
reasonable condition before the firefighters leave.

59. 9. OVERHAULING
PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION:
Red - First Priority
Blue - Second Priority
Yellow/White - Third Priority
- in fire operation term, this is to prevent the fire from rekindling.
- is to complete the operation after the main body of the fire has been
extinguished. It refers to the operation which are necessary to prevent
the fire from rekindling and to place the building in the best positive
condition.

61. VALUE OF PROPER OVERHAUL:
1. helps locate hidden fire.
2. helps prevent the fire from rekindling
3. helps determine the cause of fire
4. aids in recognizing and preserving evidence of arson
5. helps prevent unnecessary damage
6. aids in placing the building in safe condition

65. Proper Means of Reporting a Fire
THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO REPORT A FIRE CAN MEAN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIFE AND
DEATH. THE FOLLOWING INFO IS NEEDED:
 GET OUT OF A BURNING BUILDING AND CALL FROM A NEAR BY-PHONE
 KNOW THE RIGHT TELEPHONE NUMBER OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT
 GIVE YOUR NAME AND THE LOCATION OF THE FIRE
 PHONE NUMBER FOR CALL BACK PURPOSES SHOULD BE GIVEN
 DO NOT HANG UP UNTIL DISPATCHER INSTRUCTS YOU TO DO SO OR HE HANGS UP THE
PHONE
FACTS WITHOUT ACTS ARE FAILURES. IT MUST BE REMEMBERED THAT WE CAN ONLY
SAVE THAT WHICH IS NOT ALREADY LOST.

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