Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to numerically solve the governing equations of fluid flow over time to model the complete flow within devices. CFD can determine velocity, pressure, and temperature fields, which are important for analyzing the performance of machines like heat exchangers. This study uses CFD to model the fluid flow within a radiator, which is a heat exchanger that removes heat from propulsion systems. The simulation involves modeling the radiator geometry, meshing it, applying boundary conditions like inlet velocities and temperatures, and analyzing the results. The results show a temperature difference of 2.3K between the radiator inlet and outlet, with the maximum temperature at the outlet. Increasing air or coolant

1. COMPUTATINAL FLUID DYNAMICS OF RADIATOR
INTRODUCTION TO CFD
 It is a Science of determining a numerical solution to the governing equations of fluid flow
whilst advancing the solution through space or time to obtain a numerical description of the
complete flow field of interest.
 It is very important to know velocity, pressure and temperature fields in a large no. of
applications involving fluids i.e liquids and gases.
 The performance of devices such as turbo machinery and heat exchangers is determined
entirely by the pattern of fluid motion within them.

2. INTRODUCTION TO RADIATOR
It is a heat exchanger used to remove the heat generated by conventional and electrified propulsion.

4. METHODOLOGY
The simulation procedure has following steps:
i. Modelling of Radiator
ii. Meshing of geometry
iii. Pre Processing
iv. Post Processing
v. Result
GEOMETRY
Geometry is designed in Ansys Space claim

5. MESHING
Initially a relatively coarser mesh is generated. This mesh contains mixed cells (Tetra
and Hexahedral cells) having both triangular and quadrilateral faces at the boundaries.

6. Boundary Conditions
Inlet
Velocity Magnitude [m/s] 0.2
Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure [Pa] 0
Temperature [K] 323
Turbulent Intensity [%] 5
Turbulent Viscosity Ratio 10
Outlet
Gauge Pressure [Pa] 0
Pressure Profile Multiplier 1
Backflow Total Temperature [K] 300
Backflow Turbulent Intensity [%] 5
Backflow Turbulent Viscosity Ratio 10

7. • RESULT
Temperature Contour on a plane of radiator is given as:
The maximum temperature is at outlet of radiator - 323.3K
The minimum temperature is at inlet of radiator – 321.0K

8. CONCLUSION
• Cooling capacity and effectiveness increase with increase in mass flow rate of air
and coolant. Also increasing the inlet liquid temperature decreases the overall heat
transfer coefficient.
• Reduction in cooling capacity with the increase in inlet air temperature while
cooling capacity increases with the increase in inlet coolant temperature.
• The overall heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing inlet temperature.
• The heat transfer behaviour of the fluid were highly depended on the particle
concentration, the flow condition and depended on the temperature.
• The pressure drop also increases with the increase in air and coolant mass flow
rate through radiator.

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