Course module for MSc. in Rehabilitation Science, BHPI, CRP, Savar, Dhaka

1. Prepared by:
Md. Yeasir Arafat Alve
Lecturer in Occupational Therapy
MDM(BRACU); BSOT(DU);
Department of Occupational Therapy
Bangladesh Health Professions Institute (BHPI)
Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP)
CRP-Chapain, Savar, Dhaka- 1343.
Email: alve.ot.bd@outlook.com
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3. Community Based Disaster Management
(CBDM)
What is Community?
A Community is a group of people who live in a
particular geographical location, enjoy some
common properties, facilities and also
contribute to the properties and facilities by
performing some responsibilities as an
individual or as a group (UNISDR 2013).
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4. CBDM
• Through CBDM, the
people’s capacity to
respond to emergencies is
increased by providing
them with more access and
control over resources and
basic social services.
• At the heart of CBDM is the principle of participation.
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5. Vulnerability Assessment
• People are vulnerable because they
are poor, disabled and lack
resources.
• Each time a disaster takes place,
those most vulnerable are likely to
be made even more vulnerable to
the next extreme occurrence or
stress.
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7. Disaster generates Vulnerability
Disaster causes loss of livelihoods assets,
which generate vulnerability.
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8. Livelihoods assets
Financial
Capital
Natural
Capital
Social
Capital
Physical
Capital
Human
Capital
The Poor
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9. Human Capital
• Health
• Nutrition
• Education
• Knowledge and skills
• Capacity to work
• Capacity to adapt
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10. Natural Capital
• Land and produce
• Water & aquatic
resources
• Trees and forest
products
• Wildlife
• Wild foods & fibres
• Ecosystem services
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11. Social Capital
• Networks and connections
 neighbourhoods
 kinship
• Relations of trust and mutual support
• Collective representation/Grouping/Party
• Mechanisms for participation in decision-
making
• Leadership
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12. Physical Capital
• Infrastructure
• transport - roads, vehicles, etc.
• secure shelter & buildings
• water supply & sanitation
• energy
• communications
• Tools and techology
• tools and equipment for production
• seed, fertiliser, pesticides
• traditional technology
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13. Financial Capital
• Savings
• Credit/debt - formal, informal, NGOs
• Remittances
• Pensions
• Wages
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14. So... no education
low wages
landless
poor water supply
Financial
Capital
Social
Capital
Physical
Capital
Human
Capital
Natural
Capital
= an extremely reduced “livelihood
pentagon”
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Human capital
Natural capital
Financial capital
Physical capital
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15. Vulnerability Assessment Tools
PRA Tools (Participatory Rapid Appraisal/
Participatory Rural Appraisal)
• PRA is a process in which people, especially
the weaker and poorer, are enabled to collate,
present and analyze information, making
explicit and adding to what they already know.
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16. Understanding PRA continue…
•PRA is a ‘a family of approaches and methods to
enable rural people to share, enhance, and analyze
their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and to
act’ (Robert Chambers, 2002).
•Participatory methods help in enabling local people to
express and analyze their knowledge and preferences.
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17. PRA is used for:
• Needs assessment
• Feasibility studies
• Identification priorities for
developmental Activities
• Monitoring and evaluation
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18. PRA Tools
Mapping Tools:
• Social mapping
• Resource mapping
• Mobility mapping
• Transect
walk/mapping
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Ranking tools:
•Well-being ranking
•Pair-wise ranking
•Matrix ranking
•Happiness ranking
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19. PRA Tool: Resource Map
• Description:
• The Village Resource Map is a tool that helps us to learn
about a community and its resource base. The primary
concern is not to develop an accurate map but to get
useful information about local perceptions of resources.
• With whom:
• Female and male focus groups
• Time needed: 2 hours
• Materials:
• Sticks, pebbles, leaves, sawdust, flour, dung or any other
local material.
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20. 1. Find a large open place to work.
2. represent a central and important landmark.
3. Ask the participants to draw the boundaries of the
kushet.
4. Don't interrupt the participants unless they stop
drawing.
5. When the map is completed, facilitators should ask
the participants to describe it.
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PRA Tool: Resource Map continue…
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22. Social Map
• A social map of the kushet is a map that is drawn by the
residents and which shows the social structures and
institutions found in an area. It also helps us to learn about
social and economic differences between the households.
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23. Pair-wise ranking
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24. Pair-wise ranking
Advantages
• It helps to quickly get a good idea of what people think are the
priority problem or preferences.
• It is probably the easiest method to use and to learn more about
commonly shared problems and priorities
• The criteria developed out of the ranking can be used for the
community action plan of the area.
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Disadvantages
•It requires time and some logistic efforts to bring all relevant
stakeholders together in order to rank the preferences and
problems
•It may not be possible to react to all the problems discussed
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25. Wealth (Well Being) Ranking Tool
It is used to:
• Understand socioeconomic differences within communities.
• Understand local perceptions of and criteria for wealth, well-
being, and inequality in a community.
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26. PRA Tools
Diagramming Tools:
• Seasonal calendar
• Time line
• Time trend diagram
• Daily routine diagram
• Institutional diagram capacity-building, mobilization,
copping strategies,
• Cause & effect diagram local planning and budgeting
processes,
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27. Vulnerability mapping
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Livelihood
Assets
% Name
Human
Economic
Natural
Social
Physical
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28. Vulnerability Mapping
Livelihood
Assets
Total Loss Partial Loss Minimum
Loss
Remarks
Human
Asset
Economic
Asset
Physical
Asset
Social Asset
Natural
Asset
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29. Early Warning System (EWS)
• Early warning systems (EWS) are an
essential component to BCDRM (Community-
Based Disaster Risk Management).
• Early warning systems provide communities
with relevant, topical information on
environmental conditions so that
communities can assess levels of risk and
make informed decisions to protect their
safety.
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Early Warning System (EWS) con…
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(a) Pre-Disaster Stage (Off-cyclone season)
(b) Alert Stage (Signal No. I, II and III)
(c) Warning Stage (Signal No. IV)
(d) Disaster Stage (Signal No. V, VI, VII and VIII, IX, X)
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EarlyWarningSystem(EWS)con…
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Early Warning System (EWS) con…
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35. • Bell and/or Drums/Miking: These are very
effective, low-tech means of sounding an
alarm to the community.
• Flag Hoisting: This is also an effective tool for
early warning.
• Other Tools: Cell phone/SMS, TV, Radio,
Community Radio, Internet, etc.
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Early Warning System (EWS) con…
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36. Capacity building
• Community capacity building is defined as the
"process of developing and strengthening the
skills, instincts, abilities, processes and
resources that organizations and
communities need to survive, adapt, and
thrive in the fast-changing world."
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39. Community Mobilisation
Community mobilization is an attempt to bring
both human and non-human resources together
to undertake developmental activities in order
to achieve Sustainable Development.
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40. • Community mobilisation is a capacity-building
process. Through this process relief workers and
organisations collaborate with affected
communities to plan, implement, and evaluate
activities designed to improve the communities’
needs.
• It is a participatory partnership that advocates
for programmes the local community can sustain.
Community Mobilisation con…
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41. Community mobilization needs many analytical and
supportive resources which are internal (inside
community) and external (outside Community) as
well. Several of the resources are as following:
• Leadership
• Organizational capacity
• Communications channels
• Assessments
• Problem solving
• Resource mobilization
• Administrative and operational management.
Requirements
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42. • Empowerment is a process which enhances
the ability of disadvantaged (powerless)
individuals or groups to challenge and change
[in their favour] existing power relationships
that place them in subordinate economic,
social and political positions (Meizen-Dick et al
1997).
Empowerment
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43. • The term ‘Empowerment’ is embedded in the
concept of ‘Power’.
• In power process, many relationships are
vertical, and people are divided into ‘uppers’
and ‘lowers’.
• By analogy, ‘lowers’ can be called ‘powerless’
and the upper ‘powerful’ (Chambers 1995).
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Empowerment con…

44. • Participation (decision-making) in social
science is an umbrella term including
different means for the public to
participate in political, economic,
management or other social decisions.
Participation
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45. • Many people are involved; not few.
• Many groups are involved
• Open and Advertised
• Open to All Ideas
• Inclusive and Diverse.
Elements for Successful Participation
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46. Thank You…
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