Course module for MSc. in Rehabilitation Science

1. Disaster and Disability Issues
Special thanks to CBM, Handicap International & CDD Bangladesh
Prepared by
Md. Yeasir Arafat Alve
Lecturer in Occupational Therapy
MDM (BRACU), BSOT (DU),
Department of Occupational Therapy
Bangladesh Health Professions Institute (BHPI)
CRP-Chapain, Savar, Dhaka- 1343.
Email: alve.ot.bd@outlook.com
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2. Disability Model
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3. Disability Model
Model Charity Medical Social Human Rights
Dignity Low Low-medium Medium-high High
Dependency High
PWD passive.
High-medium
More active in
terms of
mobility
and self-care
Medium
More active in
terms of
participation in
daily life.
Medium-low
Active and
equal
members of
the
society.
Sustainability
of action
Low
(perpetuation
of problem /
situation)
Medium Medium-high High
Inclusion Low Low-medium Medium-high High
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4. The Sendai Framework - Principles
States have
primary
responsibility
for DRR
Effective,
meaningful and
strong global
partnerships
and
international
cooperation
Decision-
making to be
inclusive and
risk-informed,
using multi-
hazard
approach
Empowerment
of local
authorities and
communities
through
resources,
incentives, and
responsibilities
DRR and
sustainable
development
policies, plans
and practices to
be coherent
across sectors
“Build Back
Better” for
preventing the
creation of, and
reducing
existing,
disaster risk
Engagement
from all of
society and all
State
institutions,
both at national
and local level
Protection of
persons and
their assets
while
promoting and
protecting all
human rights

5. Sendai and the SDGs (six Goals)
1: Poverty Eradication
Build resilience of the poor and
reduce by x% deaths and economic
losses related to disasters
2: Sustainable Agriculture,
Food Security and Nutrition
•Develop and implement drought
preparedness policies
•Develop climate smart agriculture
resilient and adaptable to extreme
weather including drought, climate
change and natural disasters
6: Water and Sanitation
•Decrease mortality and serious
injuries and decrease economic
losses caused by water-related
disasters.
10: Sustainable Cities and
Human Settlements
•Increase the number of cities
adopting and implementing
policies and plans towards
resilience and adaptation to
climate change and natural disaster
12: Climate Change
• Build resilience and
adaptive capacity to
climate-induced hazards in
all vulnerable countries
15: Global Partnership
•Develop and implement capacity
building programmes in developing
countries in support of the national
plans implementing disaster
prevention and reduction capacity

6. DisasterTrends(1970-2014)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Occurance
Year
(a)Occurrence
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Death
Year
(c) Death
Occurrence: Increases
1970-1975: 2-3 events/Year
2010- 2014: 8-10 events/Year
Death: Decreases
In 2010 death reduces 1/100th from
that of 1970’s.
Trend of Disaster and associated mortality

7. Increased Food Production and GDP

8. Poverty Trends in Bangladesh
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line
(% of population)

9. Why DiCBDRM is needed?
People with disabilities are considered as
victims rather than people who can contribute
to CBDRM planning
People with disabilities do not participate
in CBDRM activities
No representatives of people with disabilities
in disaster risk management committees at
different levels
Voices of people with disabilities have
not been heard by decision makers
Many people with disabilities have not
evacuated or evacuated very late → risky
for their lives
Situation

10. High risk of persons
with disabilities in
disasters
People with
disabilities do not
participate in
planning
processes
DRR stakeholders have
no capacity to mobilize
people with
disabilities
Methodology of the
National CBDRM
Program does not
feature disability
inclusion
No specific
policies on
disability inclusive
DRR in developing
countries
Why Disability inclusive CBDRM is needed?
Situation

11. Approach for DiDRR/DiCBDRM
Implemented activities and results
Increasing the capacities of
people with disabilities
Advocating for mainstreaming
disability in DRR activities and
policies
Twin track approach

12. • Awareness raising meetings on
disaster with community people
irrespective of PWDs and Non-
PWDs in terms of helping PWD
people.
• DRR related games disseminate
to the disable children/students
and their friends.
• Form self-help groups with
PWDs and Non-PWD member
and arrange awareness raising
meetings/trainings for providing
support to the members of
PWDs and use the capacity of
PWD members for disaster risk
reduction.

13. Con…
• Form apex body and arrange
meetings/trainings with apex
body members on disaster
planning.
• Sharing disaster plan between
apex body and self-help group.
• Provide assistive devices to the
physically challenged people.
• Ramp set up in schools,
cyclone shelters and local
government offices to ensure
the accessibility of PWD
members.

14. Con…
• Social map set up in
different public points.
• Pillars and flags for early
warning.
• Distribute rescue materials
to the Self-help groups.
• Arrange workshops with
PWD members on the
projects of DRR.

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16. Twin Track Approach to Mainstreaming Disability:
Twin Track Approach to Mainstreaming Disability:
Promote Access for PWDs to
Mainstream DRR Services
(Non-specialist services for society in
general)
Examples:
Vulnerability and capacity assessments
Information systems. (e.g. early
warning on livelihood opportunities)
Shelters and their facilities
Food and crop distribution
DRR programs of government and
NGOs
Specialist Services to Empower PWDs
(Rehabilitation services for people with
temporary or permanent impairment)
Examples:
Functional rehabilitation: (e.g.
physiotherapy, occupational therapy, SLT,
prosthetic and orthotic services)
Assistive devices
Information leaflets in Braille
Sign language for early warning systems
Disabled Peoples‘
Adaptive transportation service
for
Reducing Vulnerability and Increasing Capacity of PWDs6/22/2015 16BHPI/MRS/Disaster&Disability Issue/Alve

17. • It is the combination of these two tracks that will really
impact in a sustainable way on the quality of life of persons
with disabilities and result in an inclusive society.
• The approach - Twin-Track
Disability Specific (empowerment) – supporting and
empowering people with disabilities, their families and
representing organisations through increasing their access
to support services, health care, education, livelihood and
social activities as well as through political empowerment.
• Societal (mainstreaming disability) – working to identify
and overcome the barriers in society that persons with
disabilities face, eg. physical accessibility, communication,
attitude, legislation, and including persons with disabilities
into all aspects of development.
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Twin Track Approach to Mainstreaming Disability

18. Rights accorded to the disabled persons in BD
• The law stipulated 21 rights for the disabled persons. The
following rights are:
• Legal recognition in every sphere of life, and access to justice
• Freedom of expression and opinion, and access to information
• To attend every level of education and educational institutions –
either special or integrated, subject to the receipt of appropriate
benefits
• To be employed in government and private institutions
• Subject to availability, the highest quality of health services
• To receive national identity cards, inclusion in the list of voters, to
give vote and to participate in elections
• Accessibility
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19. Disabled Persons (Protection and Welfare) Act
(1982) and Regulation (1994) in Nepal
• Some of the provisions under the Act and the Regulation
include:
• free education for students with disabilities
• free medical treatment for PWDs over the age of 65 years
• 5% quota of places in government vocational training
centres
• non-discrimination in employment
• employment quotas (civil service (5%) private businesses)
• tax exemption for employers of PWDs
• transport subsidies (upon agreement with the particular
company, up to 50% reduction of the fee)
• disability allowance (subject to available resources)
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20. POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES AND DISABILITIES RESULTING FROM DISASTER
Type of
Disaster
Immediate consequence Possible impairment/disability
All natural
disaster
•Malnutrition
•Vitamin A deficiency
•Psychological shock
•Loss of medicines (for
diabetes, epilepsy, etc)
•Developmental delay
•Visual impairment or blindness
•Psychological disorders
•Worsened existing disability
•Increased risk of developing new
disability
Flood Drowning, Diarrheal Diseases,
Wound Infections, Malnutritions,
Malaria, Viral fever, Snakes bite
•Respiratory complications,
•Death
Cyclone/Torn
ado/Earthqua
ke
•Trauma
•Bodily injury (+/- infection)
•Head injury
•Burn
•Paralysis, spinal cord injury
•Limb loss/amputation
•Physical /intellectual disability
•Limb deformity
•Death6/22/2015 20BHPI/MRS/Disaster&Disability Issue/Alve

21. Specific Difficulties of Specific Disabilities in Disaster
Disability/Im
pairment
Risk / Problem Possible Consideration
Physical
Impairment
(difficulty
moving)
•Decrease in body temperature
•Bedsores
•Difficulty escaping unsafe situation
•Difficulty seeking help or relief
•Warm clothing, dry place
•Personnel support
•Assistive devices
•Adapted physical environment
(ramps, handrails, etc)
Visual
Impairment
•Difficulty escaping unsafe situation
•Difficulty seeking help or relief
•Auditory signal
•Personnel support
Hearing
Impairment
•Difficulty in expressing
themselves/understanding
•Difficulty hearing instructions
•Visual aid
•Picture exchange
communication
Intellectual
Impairment
•Difficulty understanding/following
instructions or seriousness of
situation
•Speak slowly
•Use simple language
•Personnel support
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22. Handicap Situation Creation
Organic Factor:
Difficulty moving
Due to Paralysis,
Environmental Factor:
Inaccessible Facilities,
Negative social attitude,
No accessible warning system
Interaction:
No mobility + No accessibility
Handicap Situation:
No participation
Vulnerable situation
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23. Addressing Disability Issues in Community Risk
Assessment/Preparedness
Identify Risks Hazards and
Vulnerable Sector
Analyse and Evaluate risk
Priorities Risks
Risk Reduction Plan
•Who are involved in the Assessment?
•Are the tools disability sensitive?
•Presentation of PWDs in the team
•Disability Disaggregated Information
•Priorities are neutral and sensitive to other
vulnerable groups-women, children and elderly
•Address the specific needs of People with
disabilities
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24. Addressing Disability Issues in Emergency Response and
Rehabilitation
Early Warning
Search and Rescue
Relief Management
Rehabilitation and
Reconstruction
•Disability Disaggregated Information Develop
•Warning system in a disabled friendly manner
•Special Technique or procedure to evacuate PWD
•Security in camp and shelter
•Participation of PWDS
•Prepared/Update detailed list of PWDs
•Determine specific needs of PWDs
•Address Accessibility in construction and reconstruction
•Provide Assistive Devices
•Mobilization and empowerment
Loss, Damage and Need
Assessment
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25. Thank You…
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