1. RESEARCH PROPOSAL FOR ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN
CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION ABOUT
HEALTH RISK ON CIGARETTE SMOKING AT NALA CAMPUS IN
DODOMA
NAME: LUCY EMIR SANGA
DECCA REGISTRATION NUMBER: DECCA/20/01/504
NACTE REGISTRATION NUMBER: NS2376/0068/2017
SUPERVISOR: DR. PROTEACE KINYUNYU
AUGUST,2022
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the almighty GOD for helping me throughout writing this research proposal. I give much
thanks to H. O.D Dr. Ebenezer Urio, Madam Grantina our Research tutor, who have been a great
help to me. Also much gratitude to DECOHAS institute and its staff members including Dr.
Protace Kinyunyu who supervised during all the process of my research for being a great help too.
I want to give thanks to my parents and classmates for their support financially and also for their
thoughts and prayers.
3. ABSTRACT
Background
Approximately 90% of smokers begin smoking prior to the age of 18. The findings obtained from
this study will help to know the number of students who understand about cigarette smoking and
also help the policy makers to use this information in policy making and amendments if any
consumptions appears.
The aim of this study is to find out knowledge and perception of cigarette smoking among college
students, specifically at DECOHAS. Smoking among youth is an issue that affects countries,
worldwide.
That will be used will involve college students at DECOHAS Dodoma as the study area; cross
section study as the study design. Simple randomly sampling used to get the study population and
participants; also, data collection technique will be conducted through administered
questionnaires.The sample size of the study will be 322 students and will be analyzed manually by
using paper sheets, pen, pencil, ruler and calculator, and data will be entered and analyzed using
SPSS.
4. BACKGROUND
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading public health threats in the world causing different health, and
psychosocial risks. At a moment the spread of tobacco use is growing at fast in the adolescents, who are
the future of the country. However, little information is known about the magnitude and predictors of
cigarette smoking in Tanzania. Cigarette smoking is the process of inhaling tobacco smoke through mouth
and then releasing it, as it is done by tobacco pipes and cigars. Tobacco harms health, the treasury and the
spirit of Tanzania.
Smoking among youth and adolescents is an issue that affects worldwide, while the extent to which
smoking is viewed as negative heath behaviour may vary across different nations, it remain an issue
regardless of how it is perceived by different societies, in efforts to reduce the total number of smokers and
negative effects smoking has on society, it is necessary to reduce the number of youth and adolescents who
begin smoking
5. STATEMENT OF THE PROMBLEM
Cigarette smoking is among a major problem affecting society worldwide, but also a big problem
in Tanzania. Many smokers initiate smoking at adolescent. Among health effects related with
cigarette smoking are diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), TB,
bronchitis, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases and gum diseases, Social effect involve poor
performance and drop from school. The government has made rules and policies to restrict selling
and use of cigarette among students.
6. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and perception about health risk on cigarette
smoking at Nala campus in Dodoma, because it helps in prevention that would be caused by
cigarette smoking by avoiding it. If Government won’t provide strict rules to the society, it will
lead chronic diseases.
7. OBJECTIVES
Broad objectives
To assess knowledge and perception about health risk on cigarette smoking.
Specific objectives
To determine the knowledge about health risk on cigarette smoking
To determine the perception about health risk with cigarette smoking among students.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What are there perception about health risk on cigarette smoking to students at DECOHAS?
What do you understand about cigarette smoking?
8. RESEARCH VARIABLES
Dependent variable: is knowledge and perception on health risk of cigarette smoking.
Independent variables: are lack of education, residences, gender, age, exposure to social media ,
poverty level and martial status.
9. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Study design
The study will be cross sectional study
Study area
DECOHAS at Dodoma region
Study population
Study population will be clinical medicine students.
Sampling procedure
Simple random sampling will be used to get the participants
Sample size
There will be a sample size of 322.
10. SAMPLE SIZE
N=Z2 P(1-P)
E2
N= Sample size
P= Proportion of adults with knowledge(70%) 0.7(2)
Z= the standard normal deviation that corresponds to 5% level of statistical significant is 1.96
E= Maximum error of the study, assigned a value of 0.05
𝑁 =
𝑍2×P(1−P)
𝐷2 =
1.962×0.7(1−0.7)
0.052 =322
Therefore my sample size will be 322
11. DATA COLLECTION TOOL AND TECHNIQUE
Data collection technique
Data will be collected through questionnaire
Data processing
Data will be collected manually by using pen and sheet of paper and be
processed by using personal computer.
Data analysis
Data will be analyzed by using IBM SPSS and Microsoft excel and
presented in bar and pie chart.
12. DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS
The study report will be submitted to the college department of clinical medicine and the study
results will be kept at library for learning.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
An ethical permit letter will be obtained at DECOHAS department of research and consultancy
also to Head of Department of clinical medicine and class representatives. Also consent will be
obtained from Participants before taking part in the this study.
.The respondent’s answers will kept confidential. And they will bring no harm to the campus.
13. Task Timeline
Title submission June,2022
Proposal writing June,2022
Proposal submission July,2022
Proposal presentation August,2022
Marking and grading proposal August,2022
Data collection August,2022
Data analysis August,2022
Report writing August,2022
Report presentation August,2022
APPENDICES
WORK PLAN FROM JULY 2022
14. BUDGET
NO. PARTICULARS COSTS IN DETAILS AMOUNT
1 Communication Mobile phone expenses 5000
2 Stationary 5pen@200 1000
Photocopy 5000
Pencil 300
Printing20 pages 2000 8,300
3 Supportive services Meal allowance
Lunch 2000x5
Dinner2000x5
20,000
4 Other related expenses Emergency related cost 20,000
5 TOTAL 53,300
