3. QUARTER 1 – MODULE 1
Nature and Goals of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science
LESSON 1: Articulation of Cultural variation, Social
Differences and Political Identities.
LESSON 2 : Dynamism of Cultural, Social and Political
Change.
LESSON 3 : Intersections, Inquiry and Importance of
Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Sciences.
4. After going through this module, you are
expected to:
1.articulate observations on human cultural variation,
social differences, social change, and political
identities;
2. demonstrate curiosity and an openness to explore the
origins and dynamics of culture and society, and
political identities;
3. analyze social, political, and cultural change;
5. After going through this module, you are
expected to:
4. recognize the common concerns or intersections of
anthropology, sociology, and political science with
respect to the phenomenon of change; and
5. identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of
Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science.
6. LESSON 1
Articulation of Cultural variation,
Social Differences and Political
Identities
After the lesson you will be able to articulate
observations on human cultural variation,
social differences, social change, and political
identities.
7. – not about how we differ.
– is about embracing one
another’s uniqueness.
DIVERSITY
18. RELIGION
It is a system of beliefs and practices as
well as systems of actions directed toward
entities which are above man.
It is an organized system of ideas about
the spiritual sphere or the supernatural.
19. ETHNICITY
It is the expression of the art of cultural
ideas held by a distinct ethics or
indigenous group.
20. NATIONALITY
Is the legal relationship that bands a
person and a country.
It allows the state to protect and have
jurisdiction over a person.
21. SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
Are the differences among the individuals
on the basis of social characteristics and
qualities.
23. GENDER
Is the socially - constructed characteristics
of being male or female.
It serves us guide on how males and
females think and act about themselves.
24. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS
Refers to the category of persons who
have more or less the same socio-
economic priviledges.
These are Upper Class, Middle Class and
Lower Class.
25. EXCEPTIONALITY
Refers to the state of being intellectually
gifted and / or having physically or
mentally challenged conditions.
26. EXAMPLES OF EXCEPTIONALITY
a. Personality/ behavior
b. Communication (learning disability,
speech impairment & hearing
problems)
c. Intellect (mild intellectual & mental
development disabilities)
27. EXAMPLES OF EXCEPTIONALITY
d. Physical appearance (blind – low vision)
e. Or a condition of more than one specific
exceptionality/ disability.
29. SUBCULTURE
Is a segment of society which shares a
distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and
values which differ from the pattern of
larger society.
These are groups that have specific
cultural traits that set them apart from the
dominant culture.
30. COUNTER CULTURE
Is a group whose values and norms place
it at odds with mainstream society or a
group that actively rejects dominant
cultural values and norms.
31. COUNTER CULTURE
In most Western countries, the 1960s saw the
rise of different countercultural groups and
social movements that sought to dismantle the
different inequalities that were then part of the
dominant culture, such as racism (Civil Rights
movement), sexism (modern Feminist
movement) and homophobia (Gay rights
movement).
32. HIGH CULTURE
Is a term now used in a number of
different ways in academic discourse most
common meaning is the set of cultural
products, mainly in the arts, held in the
highest esteem by a culture.
33. POPULAR CULTURE
Is a culture based on the tastes of ordinary
people rather than an educated elite.
34. POLITICAL IDENTITY
Is almost always associated with a group
affiliation and describes the ways in which
being a member of a particular group
might express specific political opinions
and attitudes.
35. TYPES OF POLITICAL IDENTITY
1. PARTISAN POLITICS
2. RACE & IDENTITY
3. CLASS & IDENTITY
4. COLONIALISM & IDENTITY
40. C. High Culture/ Popular Culture:
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Popular music
Attend art exhibit
Appreciation of opera; gourmet;
foods; and wines, etc.
Cyber culture
41. SUMMARY
Cultural variations refer to the differences
in social behaviors that different
cultures exhibit around the world.
These are religion, ethnicity, and
nationality.
42. SUMMARY
Social differences are the differences
among the individuals on the basis
of social characteristics and
qualities. These are gender, socio-
economic status, and
exceptionality.
43. SUMMARY
• Variation within cultures is segmented
into subcultures, counter culture, high
culture, and popular culture.
44. SUMMARY
Political identity is almost always associated
with a group affiliation and describes
the ways in which being a member of
a particular group might express
specific political opinions and
attitudes.
45. QUESTION
1. How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect
the socio-economic status of your family?
2. What does political identity mean to you?
46. POST TEST
Instruction: Choose the best answer from the
words inside the box.
cultural variation gender
social differences nationality
counter culture exceptionality
subculture ethnicity
socio-economic status religion
47. __________1. It refers to the differences among the
individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities.
__________2. It is a system of beliefs and practices
as well as systems of actions directed toward
entities which are above men.
__________3. It is the expression of the set of
cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or
indigenous group.
48. __________4. It is the legal relationship that binds
a person and a country.
__________5. It refers to the category of persons
who have more or less the same Socio-
economic privileges.
__________6. It refers to the state of being
intellectually gifted and/ or having physically
or mentally challenged conditions.
49. __________7. It is a segment of society which
shares a distinctive pattern of mores,
folkways, and values which differ from the
pattern of larger society.
__________8. It is a group whose values and
norms place it at odds with mainstream
society or a group that actively rejects
dominant cultural values and norms.
50. __________9. It serves as a guide on how males
and females think and act about themselves.
__________10. It refers to the differences in social
behaviors that different cultures exhibit
around the world.
52. __________1. It refers to the differences among the
individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities.
__________2. It is a system of beliefs and practices
as well as systems of actions directed toward
entities which are above men.
__________3. It is the expression of the set of
cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or
indigenous group.
SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES
RELIGION
ETHNICITY
53. __________4. It is the legal relationship that binds
a person and a country.
__________5. It refers to the category of persons
who have more or less the same Socio-
economic privileges.
__________6. It refers to the state of being
intellectually gifted and/ or having physically
or mentally challenged conditions.
NATIONALITY
SOCIO-
ECONOMIC STATUS
EXCEPTIONALITY
54. __________7. It is a segment of society which
shares a distinctive pattern of mores,
folkways, and values which differ from the
pattern of larger society.
__________8. It is a group whose values and
norms place it at odds with mainstream
society or a group that actively rejects
dominant cultural values and norms.
SUBCULTURE
COUNTE
R
CULTURE
55. __________9. It serves as a guide on how males
and females think and act about themselves.
__________10. It refers to the differences in social
behaviors that different cultures exhibit
around the world.
GENDER
CULTURAL
VARIATIONS
56. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITES
Expound by reflecting
Question: Should “gender identity” be added
to anti-discrimination laws?
Explain.
57. LESSON 2
Dynamism of Cultural, Social, and
Political Change
After the lesson you will be able to cite
and analyze the social, cultural, and
political change.
58. ACTIVITY 1
INSTRUCTION: Compare the culture of the
Philippines and the USA in terms of the
language, religion, costume, and arts by
using the chart below.
CULTURE PHILIPPINES USA
LANGUAGE
RELIGION
COSTUME
ARTS
60. ACTIVITY 3
INSTRUCTION: Complete the table by giving the
significant contributions of the following
administrations to the different sectors of the
country.
SECTOR ESTRADA
ADMINISTRATION
ARROYO
ADMINISTRATION
AQUINO
ADMINISTRATION
DUTERTE
ADMINISTRATION
EDUCATION
HEALTH
AGRICULTURE
JUSTICE
LABOR &
EMPLOYMENT
61. QUESTION
How does innovation become an agent of
social change in the context of the
Philippine society at present?
62. Organizations differ from one
another for three reasons:
1. interaction isolates and differentiates them;
2. their histories are unique; and
3. the problems with which their social patterns
must deal are different and this influences what
patterns are in turn developed.
63. ANTHROPOLOGY
Is the study of humans and human behavior
and societies in the past and present. It is a
wide-ranging, including, fossil remains, non-
human primate anatomy and behavior,
artifacts from past cultures, past and present
languages, and all the prehistoric and
contemporary cultures of the world.
64. SOCIOLOGY
Is the scientific study of society, patterns of
social relationships, social interaction, and
culture. It is the systematic interpretation of
codes and conducts in the form of language,
symbols, face expressions, dress, food, music
etc. used by people in society.
65. The Birth of Social Sciences as a Response to
the Social Turmoil of the Modern Period:
SOCIOLOGY :
Auguste Comte, was a French philosopher. He
was a founder of the discipline of sociology
and of the doctrine of positivism. He is
sometimes regarded as the first philosopher of
science in the modern sense of the term.
66. Harriet Martineau, is a self-taught expert in
political economic theory, and wrote prolifically
about the relations between politics, economics,
morals, and social life throughout her career. Her
intellectual work was centered by a staunchly
moral perspective that stemmed from her
Unitarian faith. She was fiercely critical of the
inequality and injustice faced by girls and
women, slaves, wage slaves, and the working.
67. Karl Marx, a philosopher, social scientist,
historian and revolutionary, Karl Marx, is
without a doubt the most influential socialist
thinker to emerge in the 19th century. The
Father of Modern Socialism, communism and
conflict theory.
68. Emile Durkleim was a French sociologist, social
psychologist and philosopher. He formally
established the academic discipline and with
Karl Marx and Max Weber, is commonly cited
as the principal architect of modern social
science and father of sociology.
69. Max Weber was a German sociologist,
philosopher, jurist, and political economist
whose ideas profoundly influenced social
theory and social research.
70. ANTHROPOLOGY :
Franz Boas was a German- American
anthropologist and a pioneer of modern
anthropology who has been called the "Father
of American Anthropology” His work is
associated with the movement of
anthropological historicism.
71. Bronislaw Malinowski was a Polish
anthropologist, one of the most important
20th-century anthropologists. He has also
been referred to as a sociologist and
ethnographer. He is considered the father of
ethnographic methodology by most field
working anthropologist because of his ideas
on participant observation.
72. Alfred Reginald Radcliffe Brown was an English
social anthropologist who developed the
theory of structural functionalism and
coadaptation.
73. POLITICAL SCIENCE :
Walter Lippmann was an American writer,
reporter, and political commentator famous for
being among the first to introduce the concept
of Cold War, coining the term "stereotype" in
the modern psychological meaning, and
critiquing media and democracy in his
newspaper column and several books.
74. SOCIAL CHANGE
Refers to an alteration of mechanism within the
social structure, characterized by changes in
cultural symbols, rules of behavior, social
organizations, or value systems.
75. CULTURAL CHANGE
Is the modification of a society through
innovation, invention, discovery, or contact
with other societies.
76. POLICAL CHANGE
Refers to a subject matter that is in constant
flux. It deals not only with the major processes
of growth, decay and breakdown but also with
a ceaseless ferment of adaptation and
adjustment of political systems. It highlights
the magnitude and variety of the changes that
occurred in the world’s political systems.
77. ACTIVITY 4
INSTRUCTION: Complete the names of these
famous philosophers/ sociologists who
made great contributions in the Birth of
Social Sciences. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
COMPLETE THE NAME
78. K R A X
1. He is the Father of Modern Socialism,
communism and Conflict Theory.
M B R
W
2. His ideas profoundly influenced social theory
and social research.
79. R Z O
3. He is called the "Father of American
Anthropology”
U T E C O
4. He was a founder of the discipline of sociology
and of the doctrine of positivism.
S
A
80. A R P
5. He was first to introduce the concept of Cold
War, coining the term "stereotype" in the
modern psychological meaning, and
critiquing media.
W M
L N
82. K A R L M A R X
1. He is the Father of Modern Socialism,
communism and Conflict Theory.
M A X E B E R
W
2. His ideas profoundly influenced social theory
and social research.
83. F R A N Z B O A
3. He is called the "Father of American
Anthropology”
U G U T E C O
S
4. He was a founder of the discipline of sociology
and of the doctrine of positivism.
S
A M T E
84. A L T R I P
E
5. He was first to introduce the concept of Cold
War, coining the term "stereotype" in the
modern psychological meaning, and
critiquing media.
W P M A
L N
85. SUMMARY
Organizations differ from one another for
three reasons: interaction isolates and
differentiates them, their histories are
unique, and the problems with which their
social patterns must deal are different and
this influences what patterns are in turn
developed.
86. SUMMARY
The Birth of Social Sciences as a Response
to the Social Turmoil of the Modern Period
such as Auguste Comte, Harriet Martineau,
Karl Marx, Emile Durkleim, Max Weber,
Franz Boas, Bronislaw Malinowski, Alfred
Reginald Radcliffe Brown, and Walter
Lippmann.
87. SUMMARY
Social change refers to an alteration of
mechanism within the social structure,
characterized by changes in cultural
symbols, rules of behavior, social
organizations, or value systems.
88. SUMMARY
Cultural Change is the modification of a
society through innovation, invention,
discovery, or contact with other societies.
91. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITES
Expound by reflecting
Question: Explain why openness to accept
the dynamism of each country’s culture,
society, and politics connect us to our very
own history as people with a distinct set of
challenges we are called to reflect,
confront and address?
92. POST TEST
A. Instruction: Match the concepts in Column
A to the words in Colum B. Write the
letter of the correct answer on your
Answer Sheet.
93. COLUMN A COLUMN B
______ 1. Father of American A. Auguste Comte
Anthropology
______ 2. Social theory B. Karl Marx
______ 3. Conflict theory C. Franz Boas
______ 4. Social interaction D. Max Weber
______ 5. Doctrine of positivism E. Anthropology
______ 6. Father of ethnographic F. Harriet Martineau
methodology
______ 7. Concept of Cold War G. Walter Lippmann
______ 8. Political economic theory H. Bronislaw Malinowski
______ 9. Theory of structural I. Sociology
functionalism
______ 10. Human behavior J. Alfred Reginald Brown
94. B. Instruction: Name the three agents of
cultural, sociology, and political
change. Provide descriptions for each
agent.
96. COLUMN A COLUMN B
______ 1. Father of American A. Auguste Comte
Anthropology
______ 2. Social theory B. Karl Marx
______ 3. Conflict theory C. Franz Boas
______ 4. Social interaction D. Max Weber
______ 5. Doctrine of positivism E. Anthropology
______ 6. Father of ethnographic F. Harriet Martineau
methodology
______ 7. Concept of Cold War G. Walter Lippmann
______ 8. Political economic theory H. Bronislaw Malinowski
______ 9. Theory of structural I. Sociology
functionalism
______ 10. Human behavior J. Alfred Reginald Brown
C
D
B
I
A
H
G
F
J
E
97. B. Instruction: Name the three agents of
cultural, sociology, and political
change. Provide descriptions for each
agent.
1. Innovation
2. Action of leaders
3. Social Conflicts
98. B. Instruction: Name the three agents of
cultural, sociology, and political
change. Provide descriptions for each
agent.
is a social creation and
institutionalization of new ideas.
1. Innovation –
99. A leader is someone
who has the power to influence others
or who is in charge or in command of a
social situation.
2. Action of leaders –
is defined as the
struggles for agency or power in society.
3. Social Conflicts –
100. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITES
Question: How does “conflict” as an agent
of social change relate with the
Proclamation of Martial Law in
Mindanao by President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte?
101. LESSON 3
Intersections, Inquiry and Importance of
Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Sciences.
After the lesson you will be able to focus on
more detailed descriptions of these important
social sciences particularly on each subject’s
inquiry and importance.
102. QUESTION
Expound by reflecting
Describe your experiences in the current
COVID-19 pandemic. Explain how it affects
the culture in your family and community.
You may draw or make an essay.
103. ACTIVITY 1
INSTRUCTION: Search at least two articles
about common problems or issues of
anthropology, sociology and political
science in the Philippines. Then make a
reflection paper from the gathered
articles.
104. SOCIAL SCIENCE
Is a division of science that deal with the
functions and structure of human society,
as well as the interpersonal relationship of
individuals as members of society.
108. ANTHROPOLOGY
Is the scientific study of the origins of
humans, how we have changed over the
years, and how we relate to each other,
both within our own culture and with
people from other cultures.
110. SOCIOLOGY
Is the scientific study of society. Sociology
is derived from the Latin word socius
which means “associate or companion”
and the Greek word logos which means
“the study of” .
112. POLITICAL SCIENCE
The word politics is derived from the Greek
word polis which means “city-state” or
what today would be equivalent to
sovereign state. The word “science” comes
from the Latin word scire which means “to
know” .
114. SUMMARY
Sociology is the scientific study of society. It
seek to provide an analysis of human
society and culture with a sociological
perspective.
115. SUMMARY
Anthropology is the scientific study of the
origins of humans, how we have changed
over the years, and how we relate to each
other, both within our own culture and with
people from other cultures.
116. SUMMARY
Political science is one important branch of
social science and its concern is with the
political behavior of individuals, groups of
individuals, agencies, institutions and
organizations, among others.
117. QUESTION
Expound by reflecting
Instructions: Search a specific article about
social problem, and reflect on how
social sciences can contribute in
solving problems in society?
Explain.
118. POST TEST
A. Instruction: Write TRUE if the statement
is correct and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
119. __________1. All three social sciences are
disciplines which are important to the study
of society because it encourages care and
objectivity.
__________2. Philosophers and Mathematicians rely
heavily on rational proof.
__________3. Max Weber describes science as
“value-free” investigation.
120. __________4. Sociology is the systematic and
scientific study of the human social life.
__________5. Political Science is a science of
politics and politics as a governmental
determination of who gets what, when and
how.
122. __________1. All three social sciences are
disciplines which are important to the study
of society because it encourages care and
objectivity.
__________2. Philosophers and Mathematicians rely
heavily on rational proof.
__________3. Max Weber describes science as
“value-free” investigation.
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
123. __________4. Sociology is the systematic and
scientific study of the human social life.
__________5. Political Science is a science of
politics and politics as a governmental
determination of who gets what, when and
how.
TRUE
TRUE
124. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITES
Question 1 : Why is total objectivity
impossible to achieve?
Question 2 : Explain the social world today
under the new political
culture in the administration
of President Rodrigo Roa
Duterte.
