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1. UNDERSTANDING CULTURE
SOCIETY AND POLITICS
CONCEPTS, ASPECTS, AND CHANGES
OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY

2.  Explain the concept of culture and society and
relate it to real-life situation;
 Describe some major characteristics of society
and culture;
Appreciate the significance of culture in the
society.
OBJECTIVES

3. REVIEW TIME!!!
TRUE or FALSE
1. Sociology is the science of society.
2. Anthropology is the study of governance.
3. Political Science is the study of state.
4. Historical cultures of the world are the
subject in Anthropology.
5. Plato is the father of Political Science.

4. Let’s analyze this!!!
Create a Concept Map with the
following main words:
CULTURE and SOCIETY

5. SAMPLE CONCEPT MAP

7. ART – is a part of culture because it is a product
of human expression.
ETHNIC – group of people with similar
characteristics or features.
DIVERSE – different cultures because of people’s
diversity.
COMMUNITY – group of people or society.
HUMAN – no human, no culture.

8. is a part of culture because it is a product
of human expression.

9. GROUP – society is composed of group of people
PEOPLE – should be created to form a society
TEAMWORK – cooperation, unity with similar
common goods, similar ideology
CULTURE – human creates culture and share their
interests in order for a society to be significant.

10. Let’s process this!!!
1. What is culture?
2. What is society?
3. How our little ways can be categorized as
culture?
4. Why is it important to have culture and
society?

11. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”
Family bonding
moments
Hospitality
Happy point of
view in life
Resilient

12. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”

13. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”

14. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”

15. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”

16. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”

17. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”

18. “FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL!”

19.  Groups of people share a common set of values
and beliefs.
Is the characteristics and knowledge of a
particular group of people, encompassing
language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music
and arts.
CULTURE

20. 1. Culture is social because it is a product of
behavior.
Whatever actions that the members in the
society are acting or behaving are considered
as a reflection of their culture or the culture
itself
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

21. 2. Culture varies from society to society.
Cultures are externally affected via contact
between societies, which may also produce—or
inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural
practices
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

22. 3. Culture is shared.
the members of a cultural group typically
understand a common set of symbols and
practices. For example, in the United States,
approaching a stranger with an outstretched right
hand is understood as an invitation to shake hands.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

23. 4. Culture is learned.
While we are not born with a particular
culture, we are born with the capacity to learn
any culture.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

24. 5. Culture is transmitted among members of the society.
The cultural ways are learned by persons from
persons. Many of them are “handed down” by one's
elders, by parents, teachers, and others
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

25. 6. Culture is continuous and cumulative.
the process by which traditions are gradually
modified and, for technological traditions in
particular, improved upon over time.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

26. 7. Culture is gratifying and idealistic.
an ideal culture would be one in which no one lies,
cheats, or steals, no citizen ever commits a crime, and
marriage is a monogamous life-long commitment based
on love.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

27. 1. SYMBOLS
 refers to anything that is used to stand for something else, it is
something that gives meaning to the culture. Cultural
symbols include signs, emblems, hand gestures,
flags, animals and much more.
2. LANGUAGE
 is known as the storehouse of culture ( Arcinas,
2016)
 system of words and symbols used to communicate
with other people.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

28. 3. TECHNOLOGY
 refers to the application of knowledge and
equipment to ease the task of living and
maintaining the environment; it includes artifacts,
method and devices created and used by the
people ( Arcinas 2016).
4. VALUES
 are culturally defined standards for what is good or
desirable.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

29. 5. BELIEFS
 refers to the faith of an individual.
( David and Macaraeg 2010)
6. NORMS
 are specific rules/ standards to guide for
appropriate behavior ( Arcinas, 2016).
 these are societal expectations that mandate
specific behaviors in specific situations ( David and
Macaraeg, 2010).
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

30. 1. PROSCRIPTIVE NORM
 defines and tells us things not to do.
2. PRESCRIPTIVE NORM
 defines and tells us things to do.
TYPES OF NORMS

33. TWO COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
(BANAAG, 2012)
MATERIAL CULTURE Tools
Tangible
Homes
School
Offices
Factories
Plants
Churches

34. COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
NON MATERIAL CULTURE Beliefs
Intangible
Values
Rules
Norms
Moral
Language
Organizations

35. MODES OF ACQUIRING CULTURE
1. Imitation
2. Indoctrination or Suggestion
3. Conditioning

36. Causes of Cultural Change
1. Discovery
2. Invention
3. Diffusion
a. Acculturation
b.Assimilation
c. Amalgamation
d.Enculturation
4. Colonization
5. Rebellion and Revolutionary

37. Discovery is the process of finding a
new place or an object, artefact or
anything that previously existed.

38. Invention implies a creative mental process
of devising, creating and producing something
new, novel or original; and also the utilization
and combination of previously known
elements to produce that an original or novel
product. It could be either social or material
or it could also be invention of new methods
or techniques

39. Diffusion is the spread of cultural
traits or social practices from a society
or group to another belonging to the
same society or to another through
direct contact with each other and
exposure to new forms. It involves the
following social processes:

40. a. . Acculturation – cultural borrowing and cultural
imitation
b. Assimilation – the blending or fusion of two
distinct cultures through long periods of
c. Amalgamation – the biological or hereditary
fusion of members of different societies
d. Enculturation – the deliberate infusion of a new
culture to anoth

41. Colonization refers to the political,
social, and political policy of
establishing a colony which would be
subject to the rule or governance of
the colonizing state.

42. Rebellion and revolutionary movements
aim to change the whole social order and
replace the leadership. The challenge the
existing folkways and mores, and
propose a new scheme of norms, values
and organization

43. Adaptation of Culture
1. Parallelism
2. Diffusion
3. Convergence
4. Fission
5. Acculturation
6. Assimilation
7. Accommodation

44. Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism and Cultural
Relativism as Orientations in Viewing
Other Culture
Etnocentrism is a perception that arises from the fact
that cultures differ and each culture defines reality
differently. This happens when judging another culture
solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture
(Baleña, et.al,2016). This is the tendency to see and
evaluate other cultures in terms of one’s own race,
nation or culture. This is the feeling or belief that one’s
culture is better than the rest.

45. Whereas, xenocentrism is the opposite of
ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s culture is inferior
compared to others. People are highly influenced by the
culture or many culture outside the realm of their
society. This could be one of the effects of globalization.
Exposure to cultural practices of others may make one
individual or group of individuals to give preference to
the ideas, lifestyle and products of other culture.

46. Cultural relativism is an attempt to judge behavior
according to its cultural context (Baleña, et.al,2016). It is
a principle that an individual person’s beliefs and
activities should be understood by others in terms of
that individual’s own culture.

47. This concept emphasizes the perspective that no culture
is superior to any other culture (Arcinas, 2016) because
(a) different societies have different moral code; (b) the
moral code of a society determines what is right or wrong
within the society; (c) there are no moral truths that hold
for all people at all times; (d) the moral code of our own
society has no special status, it is but one among many;
and (e) it is arrogant for us to judge other cultures, so we
have to be tolerant to them

48. Other Important Terms Related to Culture
1. Cultural diversity refers the differentiation of
culture all over the world which means there is no
right or wrong culture but there is appropriate
culture for the need of a specific group of people.
2. Sub-culture refers to a smaller group within a larger
culture.

49. 3. Counterculture refers cultural patterns that
strongly oppose those widely accepted within a
society (example in the 1960”s counter culture
among teenagers reflect long hair, blue jeans,
peace sign, rock and roll music and drug abuse).
4. Culture lag is experienced when some parts
of the society do not change as fast as with
other parts and they are left behind

50. 5. Culture shock is the inability to read meaning
in one’s surroundings, feeling of lost and
isolation, unsure to act as a consequence of
being outside the symbolic web of culture that
binds others.
6. Ideal culture refers to the social patterns
mandated by cultural values and norms.

51. 7. Real culture refers to the actual patterns that only
approximate cultural expectations.
8. High culture refers to the cultural patterns that
distinguish a society’s elite
9. Popular culture refers to the cultural patterns that are
widespread among a society’s population.
10. Culture change is the manner by which culture evolves

54.  Society derived from the Latin words
“socius”, from socius, which means
companion or associate.
It refers to all people, collectively regarded
as constituting a community of related,
interdependent individuals living in a
definite place, following a certain mode of
life (Ariola, 2012)
THE CONCEPT OF SOCIETY

55. It is a group of people with common territory,
interaction, and culture (Arcinas, 2016)
It is a group of people living together in a
definite territory, having a sense of
belongingness, mutually interdependent of
each other, and follow a certain way of life

56. 1. FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION
 It define as a complex groups in reciprocal
relationships, interacting upon one another,
enabling human organisms to carry
2. STRUCTURAL DEFINITION
 It is the total social heritage of folkways, mores, and
institution: of habits, sentiments and ideals.
TWO TYPES OF DEFINITION OF SOCIETY

57. Why people live together as a society?
(Ariola, 2012)
• For survival
• Feeling of gregariousness
• Specialization

58. 1. It is a social system
2. It is relatively large
3. It socializes its members and from those from
without.
4. It endures, produces and sustains its
members for generations.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY

59. 5. It holds its members through a common
culture.
6. It has clearly-defined geographical territory

60. 1. It provides the system of socialization.
2. It provides the basic needs of the member.
3. It regulates the controls people behavior.
4. It provides the means of social participation.
5. It provides mutual support to the members.
MAJOR FUNCTION OF SOCIETY

61. DISCUSSION FORUM…
Complete and expound the following
phrases
1. Culture and Society are related to each
other because …..
2. Society needs culture because ….
3. Culture is unique because ……

62. Sociological Approaches to the Study of Society
Sociologists use three theoretical approaches:
A theoretical approach is a basic image of society
that guides thinking and research (Macionis 2012: 12)
• the structural-functional approach
• the social-conflict approach
• the symbolic-interaction approach