The current generation of intelligent devices, which represent a quantum jump in sophistication, is made possible by camera competence, including camera integration, camera image processing, CMOS image sensor tuning, and other related capabilities. To know more about, Camera Sensor Technologies- An Overview (2023), see https://www.logic-fruit.com/blog/video-processing/camera-sensor-technology/ About Logic Fruit Technologies Logic Fruit Technologies is a product engineering R&D & consulting services provider for embedded systems and application development. We provide end-to-end solutions from the conception of the idea and design to the finished product. We have been servicing customers globally for over a decade. The company has specific experience in various fields, such as FPGA Design​​​ & hardware​​​ design RTL​​​ IP Design A variety of digital protocols Communication buses as1G, 10G Ethernet PCIe​​​ DIGRF​​​ STM16​​​/64 HDMI​​​. Logic Fruit Technologies is also an expert in developing, software-defined radio (SDR) IPs Encryption Signal generation Data analysis, and Multiple Image Processing Techniques. Recently Logic Fruit technologies are also exploring FPGA acceleration on data centers for real-time data processing. **Our Social Media Channels** Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LogicFruit/ ​​​Twitter: https://twitter.com/logicfruit​​​ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/logi… Website: https://www.logic-fruit.com/​​ #LFT​​​ #LogicFruitTechnologies​​​ #LogicFruit​ Interested to view more SlideShares, Click on the below links, https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/a-designers-practical-guide-to-arinc-429-standard-3pptx https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/a-swift-introduction-to-milstd https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/arinc-the-ultimate-guide-to-modern-avionics-protocol/LogicFruit/arinc-the-ultimate-guide-to-modern-avionics-protocol https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/arinc-629-digital-data-bus-specifications/LogicFruit/arinc-629-digital-data-bus-specifications https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/afdx https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/end-system-design-parameters-of-the-arinc-664-part-7 https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/compute-express-link-cxl-everything-you-ought-to-know https://www.logic-fruit.com/blog/fpga/what-is-fpga/ https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/cxl-vs-pcie-gen-5-the-brief-comparison https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/fpga-technology-development-and-market-trends-in-the-new-decade https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/fpga-design-an-ultimate-guide-for-fpga-enthusiasts https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/fpga-vs-asic-design-comparison https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/afdx-a-timedeterministic-application-of-arinc-664-part-7 https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/fpgas-expansion-in-adas-autonomous-driving https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/take-a-step-ahead-with-an-upgrade-to-arinc-818-revision-3-avionics-digital-video-bus https://www.slideshare.net/LogicFruit/arinc-8182

1. Camera Sensor
Technologies – An
Overview [2023]
*This presentation is the intellectual property of Logic Fruit Technologies . Any plagiarism or misuse is
punishable according to Indian Laws.
February 2023

2. What is Camera Image Processing
Customers building next-generation camera sensor products for various applications may rely on
Camera Image Processing to provide the best solutions.
The current generation of intelligent devices, which represent a quantum jump in sophistication, is
made possible by camera competence, including camera integration, camera image processing,
CMOS image sensor tuning, and other related capabilities.
We ensure IS and IQ tuning addressing enhances HDR, minimizes Low light, optimizes AE, AWB,
color accuracy, tone curves, contrast higher resolution, objective metrics, subjective testing, and
field and drive testing as part of our experience in camera sensor technology tuning and camera
image processing.
2

3. Overview of Types of Camera Sensors
For sensitive, quick imaging of a range of samples for several applications, quantitative scientific
cameras are essential. Since the invention of the first cameras, camera technology has developed
significantly.
Today’s cameras can push the boundaries of scientific imaging and enable us to view previously
invisible things.
The camera’s beating heart is the photons, electrons, and grey levels used to create an image on
the sensor.
The various camera sensor types and their features are covered here, including
• Charge-coupled device (CCD)
• Electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD)
• Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)
3

4. Sensor Fundamentals
The transformation of light photons into electrons is the first process for a sensor (known as
photoelectrons). Quantum efficiency (QE), which is displayed as a percentage, is the efficiency of this
conversion.
All electrons have a negative charge that underlies the operation of all the sensor types covered here
(the electron symbol being e-).
This implies that positive voltages can attract electrons, making it possible to move electrons across a
sensor by applying a voltage to particular sensor regions.
4

5. CCD
The first digital cameras were CCDs, which have been used in scientific imaging since the 1970s. For
years, CCDs were actively used, ideal for high-light applications like cell documentation or imaging
fixed samples.
This technology’s lack of sensitivity and speed constrained the number of samples that could be
scanned at acceptable levels.
5
EMCCD
The Cascade 650 from Photometric introduced EMCCDs to the scientific imaging market for the first
time in 2000. EMCCDs provided quicker and more sensitive imaging than CCDs, making them ideal for
photon counting or low-light imaging devices.
This was accomplished in several ways via EMCCDs. The cameras’ back illumination (which raises the
QE to over 90%) and massive pixels (16-24 m) significantly raise their sensitivity. The EM in the EMCCD,
or electron multiplication, is the most important addition.

6. CMOS
Although MOS and CMOS technology has been around since the 1950s, well before the development
of CCD, it wasn’t until 2009 that CMOS cameras reached a quantitative level sufficient for scientific
imaging. For this reason, CMOS cameras for science are sometimes referred to as scientific CMOS or
sCMOS.
The fundamental difference between CMOS technology and CCD and EMCCD is parallelization; because
CMOS sensors work in parallel, substantially greater speeds are possible.
6
To know more about Camera Sensor Technologies – An Overview [2023], see https://www.logic-
fruit.com/blog/video-processing/camera-sensor-technology/

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