4. Diglossia
Diglossia
High variety
Low variety
Example
High variety is a dialect that is taught
in schools, has grammar, and is used
at formal events.
Low variation is a dialect that is used
daily and has no grammar.
Definition
A situation in which a community
uses two different languages or two
very different variations of one
language for different situations.
In every Arab country, there are different
dialects that differ in grammar,
vocabulary and pronunciation from
other dialects but also from Standard
Arabic. In their daily communication
they use 'low variety', but in formal
events they will communicate using
'high variety'.
5. Is the ability of a speaker to be able to speak two languages.
Definition
Bilingualism
1. Make it easier for us to speak in society.
2. Increase mastery in knowledge.
Benefits
6. Perfect Bilingual
1. The individual speaks two language perfectly
2. High levels of proficiency in both language, written and oral
The Continuum of Bilingualism
Imperfect Bilingual
1. The individual possensses a mininal competence in one of the four language skills
2. Can function at some level, in more than one language
7. 1. Stimultaneous Bilingualism
The acquisition of two languages at the same time.
1. Sequential Bilingualism
L2 is acquired after L1 is acquired.
Types of Bilingualism
8. Definition : Multilingual refers to users of more than two
languages such as trilinguals, quadrilinguals, and so forth.
In many parts of the world it is just a normal requirement
of daily living that people speak several languages:
perhaps one or more at home, another in the village, still
another for purposes of trade, and yet another for contact
with the outside world of wider social or political
organization. One example of a varied multilingual society
is present-day India.
Multilingualism
9. Language ideologies surrounding multilingualism
It is important to note that ideologies about
multilingualism are also part of the development of
contact linguistics as a field of study, and this influences
the terms we use to refer to various contact phenomena.
Much of the research on discourse in multilingual contexts
uses the term code-switching to avoid the issue of
whether people are speaking multiple language or
dialects.
Multilingualism
10. Wadhaugh & Fuller, 2015, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics
Chapter 4
Reference
