Explanation about language repertoire, bilingualism, multilingualism, and diglossia

1. Language Choice
in Multilingual
Communities
Sociolinguistics

2. Members
1. M. Wildan Firdaus 21202244018
2. Nanda Lintang 21202244020
3. Rokhwal ‘Iisy 21202244024

3. Language
Repertoire
Bilingualism Diglossia
Multilingualism
01
Table of contents
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03
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4. Language
Repertoire
01

5. What is Language Repertoire?
Language repertoire is the set of skills and knowledge a
person has of one or more languages, as well as their
different varieties. Linguistics repertoire also need the
ability to quickly and easily change one’s speech
patterns in order to adapt to a new situation. For
example, when we talk with our teacher, directly we use
formal language and be polite. Different with when we
see our teacher talk with her/his friend. They use an
informal way like we talk to our friends. It
spontaneously changes the way we use our language

6. Bilingualism
02

7. Bilingualism refers to the ability to use two
languages in everyday life. Bilingualism is common
and is on the rise in many parts of the world.
Bilingual person is someone who can speak two
languages. Bilingual are those who have native-like
fluency in both languages, so we can call them
balanced bilinguals.

8. Basically those are those people who have near
equal abilities in two languages but in most cases
these people with perfect fluency in two languages
are not many. So why really balanced bilinguals are
not many? There are the reasons why there are not
many balanced bilinguals.
1. The time spent with their parents and who spends
most the time when they child when it’s an infant
right it’s mother
2. The country where the child grows up and the
language which they receive education
3. The language that this person uses with his/her
best friend

9. Some kinds of bilinguals are in the below.
1. Bilingual first language acquisition
2. Compound bilinguals
3. Coordinate bilingualism
4. Sequential bilingualism

10. >
Multilingualism
03

11. Multilingualism is the use of more than one language
either by an individual speaker or by a group of
speakers. It is believed that multilingual speakers
outnumber monolingual speakers in the world’s
population. It’s also the ability of an individual
speaker or a community of speakers to communicate
effectively in three or more language. Contrast with
monolingualism, the ability to use only one
language. A person who can speak multiple
language is known as a polyglot or a multilingual.

12. Multilingualism is a form of language contact and
not all speakers have to know all the languages
fully. This is the difference between bilingualism and
multilingualism. Because to be bilingual is to master
both languages, but to be multilingual you don’t
have to master the languages entirely. You either
master a language actively, maybe through talking,
writing, and singing or passively trough for instance
on perceiving, reading, and listening. The country
that selected more than two languages are like
French, German, Italian, and Romansh.

13. Diglossia
04

14. “Diglossia” is the word originated from a
Greek word meaning a state of being
bilingual. Diglossia is a situation in which a
community uses two different languages or
two significantly different varieties of one
language for different situations. The way it
typically works is that one dialect or
language is used for a casual every day
interaction and a different standard language
is used for more official, formal purposes.

15. The dialect or language that is used for daily
communication is typically a“Low Variety”.
⇨ Not formally learned
⇨ Its speakers don’t formally learn its grammar or writing
⇨ It’s learned as a spoken language
⇨ The low variety is more flexible and is more likely to change over time
because it’s not restricted by the rules of the high variety
⇨ The language used for more formal situations is the “High Variety”.
⇨ It is learned at school
⇨ Its speakers learn how to write and learn grammar rules
⇨ The High Variety is often considered the “correct” variety and is
prevented from changing a lot
Diglossia is very common in the world. The most commonly discussed
example is probably Arabic language. The other examples of using diglossia
are in Italy, German, and Switzerland.

16. 1.Ronald Wardhaugh, 2015. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics.
(Pages : 90, 92, 93)
2. Janet Holmes, 2017. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (Pages:
19-34)
Reference

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