Member of group:
1. Shinta Artha Gracia (21202244046)
2. Suci Aulia Puteri Gusna (21202244049)
3. Farhan Alzi Putra (21202244122)
References:
1. Wardhaugh, Ronald and Fuller, M. Janet (2015), An introduction to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, inc
2. Holmes, Janet and Wilson, Nick. (2017), An introduction to Linguistics, Rutledge.
Member of group:
1. Shinta Artha Gracia (21202244046)
2. Suci Aulia Puteri Gusna (21202244049)
3. Farhan Alzi Putra (21202244122)
References:
1. Wardhaugh, Ronald and Fuller, M. Janet (2015), An introduction to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, inc
2. Holmes, Janet and Wilson, Nick. (2017), An introduction to Linguistics, Rutledge.
Member of group:
1. Shinta Artha Gracia (21202244046)
2. Suci Aulia Puteri Gusna (21202244049)
3. Farhan Alzi Putra (21202244122)
References:
1. Wardhaugh, Ronald and Fuller, M. Janet (2015), An introduction to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, inc
2. Holmes, Janet and Wilson, Nick. (2017), An introduction to Linguistics, Rutledge.
Member of group:
1. Shinta Artha Gracia (21202244046)
2. Suci Aulia Puteri Gusna (21202244049)
3. Farhan Alzi Putra (21202244122)
References:
1. Wardhaugh, Ronald and Fuller, M. Janet (2015), An introduction to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, inc
2. Holmes, Janet and Wilson, Nick. (2017), An introduction to Linguistics, Rutledge.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
4. Diglossia
“Diglossia is a relatively stable language situation in which, in
addition to the primary dialects of the language (which may
include a standard or regional standards), there is a very
divergent, highly codified (often grammatically more
complex) superposed variety, the vehicle of a large and
respected body of written literature, either of an earlier period
or in another speech community, which is learned largely by
formal education and is used for most written and formal
spoken purposes but is not used by any sector of the
community for ordinary conversation” (Ferguson (1959, 336)).
5. Two Varieties of Diglossia
High Variety (H)
Mostly used for more formal
situations and considered the
“correct” variety and prevented
from changing a lot.
The speakers learn how to write it,
its grammar, and grammar rules at
school.
Low Variety (L)
The one that we speak most of
our daily life or daily
communication.
The speakers do not formally
learn its grammar, it is learned as
a spoken language.
6. Two Varieties of Diglossia
● Third, Ferguson cites the language situation in Haiti, where the varieties are Standard French (H)
and Haitian Creole (L).
● The first situation is in Arabic-speaking countries, in which the two varieties
are Classical Arabic (H) and the various regional colloquial varieties (L).
● The second example is Standard German (H) and Swiss German (L) in Switzerland.
Each variety has its own specialized functions, and each is viewed
differently by those who are aware of both
● The fourth is found in Greece with Katharévousa (H) and Dhimotiki or Demotic (L) varieties
of Greek.
8. Bilingualism
● Bilinguals can be defined as individuals who have ‘native-like control of two languages’
(Bloomfield 1933: 56).
● Haugen defined bilinguals as individuals who are fluent in one language but who ‘can
produce complete meaningful utterances in the other language’ (1953: 7).
● Currently, many researchers employ a broader definition of bilinguals that includes
individuals who have various degrees of language abilities in different domains in both
languages, such as ‘those people who need and use two or more languages (or dialects)
in their everyday lives’ (Grosjean 2010: 4).
● Bilingual as ‘an individual [who] possesses more than one language competence’
(Valdés and Figueroa 1994: 8).
● While these broader definitions of bilinguals have a number of advantages, they have
also been criticized for implying that bilinguals include any individuals who are not
monolinguals. In other words, these definitions ‘effectively equates bilingualism with
multilingualism’ (De Angelis 2007: 8).
9. Types of Bilingualism
Coordinate Bilingualism
Coordinate bilingualism occurs when an individual has or possess the ability to use or speak the two
languages proficiently. Such an individual is a coordinate bilingual.
Subordinate Bilingualism
An individual is a subordinate bilingual when they are proficient in one of the two languages. This
language in which they are proficient is usually the mother tongue; then they can speak the other
language, but not with great proficiency as the other language.
Incipient Bilingualism
An incipient bilingual is just able to use one of the two languages proficiently and this is usually the
mother tongue, but with a partial understanding of the other language.
12. Types of Multilingualism
Official Multilingualism
1
The selection of more than two
languages to be named official
languages of a given country.
2
De Facto
The existence of more than
the official languages
selected from a country.