2. COMMUNICATION
The word communication is derived from the Latin
word communicare which means to share that is ,
to share information, ideas, emotions ,knowledge
amongst people to share meaning.
Two aspects are imp. In com.
1.transmission of ideas, feelings, facts, etc.
2.it emphasizes the understanding elements in the
communication.
3. Characteristics of
communication
It is unavoidable
Two way exchange of information
It is a continuous process
Involves sender and a receiver
Could be verbal or non verbal
Pervasive activity
4. Importance of
communication
•Smooth working of a business firm
•Basis of managerial function
•Max. production &min. cost
•Building human relations
•Job satisfaction and good morale
•Motivation of employee
•Facilitate effective control
6. Process of communication
•Clear perception of ideas –no message can be transmitted
properly unless the ideas is formulated with clarity of thoughts and
perception by the communicator. It is only on the basis of clear
thinking that the communicator can decide on the means to be
adopted to convey the message.
•Participation of others involved-Secure the participation of other
persons in the decision to communicate a message. This may be
helpful in clarifying the ideas through interaction with others ,
gathering new ideas and suggestion and creating a motivating
climate for securing positive response to the message.
•Transmission of the message – it should be decided in advance as
to whom, when who and how the message is to be transmitted.
Actual transmission involves preparing the matter and form of
communication (encoding) and selecting the medium or means to
communication keeping in view the nature of persons of groups to be
addressed.
•Motivating the receiver of the message – the communicator
cannot depend upon the message alone to get an appropriate
response from the receiver , he/she must ensure that the receiver of
the message is able to interpret and act according to it.
7. Feedback
1. Observation without judgment
2. Concentration of specificity
3. Developing positive attitude
4. Indicating the ways to improve
5. Feedback for agreement
6. Proper timing for feedback
8. Levels of communication
human being communicate at
different levels.
1. Extra personal communication-In extra personal
communication , human beings interact with non-human
entities.
2. Intrapersonal communication- it happens when we
communicate with ourselves which we often do .
3. Interpersonal communication- refers to all communication
that we share with other human being.
4. Organizational communication- when an communication
happens within an organization . No organization can
survive , prosper, progress if the employees do not
communicate with each other. There are three comm. In –
internal &external, personal.
5. Mass communication-when the communication is with the
large audience . Mediums like newspaper, magazine,
hoardings ,etc.
9. Flow of communication
1. Vertical communication
2. Downward communication
3. Upward communication
4. Horizontal communication
5. Diagonal communication
11. What is a grapevine?
The network or pathway of informal communication is
known as grapevine. Different types of grapevine
are- single stand chain, gossip chain, probability
chain, cluster chain.
What is a rumor?
Rumor is grapevine information which is communicated
without authentic standard of evidence being
present.
12. Improving communication
effectiveness
Sender’s responsibility Receiver ‘s resposnsibity
1. Clarity before
communicating
2. Examine the true
purpose of
communication
3. Should be mindful
while communicating
1. Stop talking
2. Remove distractions
3. Go easy on argument
and criticism
4. Ask questions
13. Methods of communication
Oral
• Face-to-face
• Through
mechanical
devices
Written
• Electronic
media
• non-verbal
communication
Gestural
• Postures/
gestural.
• Non-verbal
communication
14. Oral form of
communication
Written form of
communication
Face-to-face
Telephone
Meetings
Seminars
Conferences
presentation
Letter
Email
Notice
Circular
Reports
Research paper
Difference between oral & written
communication
15. Barriers to communication
1. Physical barrier
2. Language or semantic barrier
3. Socio-psychological barrier
4. Organizational barrier
5. Personal barrier