2. Definition of Communication
The word communication comes from a Latin
Word
“ communis”, which means common.
It is defined as transfer of information and
understanding from one person to another.
Communication is a sum of all things which a
person does when he wants to create an
understanding in the mind of another--- Louis A.
Allen
4. Objectives of Communication
• Stronger decision making
• Increased productivity
• Steadier Workflow
• Enhanced Professional
Image
• Clearer Promotional
Material
• Provide Advice
• To provide counselling
• Provide Order
• Suggestion
• Persuasion
• Education
• Warning
• Raising Morale and
motivation
• To give and receive
information
• To improve discipline
5. Communication Characteristics
1. At least two persons:- It involves two
persons sender and receiver. The former
sends the message and latter receives it.
2. Two-way process:- It is a two-way
process. The process is not complete
until the message has been understood
by the receiver in the same sense.
3. Form of Communication:- It may be
verbal or written. It may be formal or
informal.
6. Communication Characteristics
4.Scope:- It is used in each and every company and even
management. It has a wide scope.
5. Dynamic Process:- It depends upon both mood and
thinking of the sender and receiver. It keeps on changing
depending upon level of understanding of the sender and
receiver.
6. Goal-Oriented:- It is goal oriented and is effective only
when there is congruence of goal of the sender and receiver.
7. Communication Charactersitics
7. Interpersonal Relations :- The main purpose of the
communication is to influence human behavior which
creates interpersonal relations.
8. Circular Process:- There is a circular flow of information
in the communication process. After the feedback the
receiver of the original message is required to transmit
another message.
9. Elements of Communication
1. Sender or communicator:- Sender is an employee with ideas,
information, intentions and a purpose of communicating. He is a
source or initiator of the communication. He has something with a
meaning to communicate.
2. Message:- The sender encodes meaning into message that can be
transmitted.
3. Encoding:- The function of encoding is to provide a form in which
ideas and purpose can be expressed as a msg. The result of
encoding is the message.
10. Elements of Communication
4. Channel or Medium:- A medium serves as
a means of communication whereas a
channel refers to the means of transmission
of a message between sender and receiver.
5. Receiver:- The individual who senses
perceive the sender’s message. Without the
receiver the communication is not complete
as well as there may be one or more
receiver.
11. Elements of Communcation
6. Decoding:- It is a process by which the receiver interprets
the message and translates it into meaningful information. It
is a two step process
1) The receiver must perceive the message.
2) The receiver must interpret it.
7. Communication Noise:- Noise is that factor that disturbs
or distort the intended message.
12. Elements of Communication
8. Feedback:- A feedback provides link or
channel for the communicator to know the
receivers response and to determine
whether the message has been received and
produced the intended change.
13. Forms of Communication
• There are several types of Communication:-
1. Based on Parties
2. Based on Formality
3. Based on media
4. Others
14. Communication Based on Parties
• They are of two types based on Parties
1. External Communication
2. Internal Communication
Internal Communication is of two types:-
1. Horizontal Communication
2. Vertical Communication
Vertical are of three types:-
1.Downward Communication
2. Upward Communication 3. Cross or Diagonal Communication
15. Based on Parties Communication
1. External Communication:-It is a communication in which
process of exchanging information with the people of
various external or outside parties of the organization.
Generally, these parties are stakeholder of the
organization.
2. Internal Communication:- It is a process of exchanging
information among people of different levels or internal
participants within the organization.
16. Types of External Communication
1.Horizontal Communication:- It is the
communication where information or
messages flows between or among the
parallel or same level or statuses people of
the organizational structure.
2. Vertical Communication:- Where
information flows between or among the
subordinates and superiors of the
organization.
17. Types of Vertical Communication
1. Downward Communication :- When communication
flows from top organizational structure to bottom of the
organizational structure.
2. Upward Communication:- When the information flows
from bottom of the organizational structure to top of the
organizational structure.
3. Cross or Diagonal Communication:- It occurs when
information flows between persons at different levels who
have no direct reporting relationships. It is used to speed
information flow or to improve understanding to coordinate.
18. Based on Formality
• Formal Communication:- Formal communication is the
process of exchanging information by following the
prescribed or official rules, procedures, systems
formalities, chain of command etc. in the organizational
structure.
• Informal Communication:- It is the process of
spontaneous exchange of information among various
people of different status in the organization structure.
19. Based On Media
1. Written Communication:- It is a process of
communication in which message or information is
exchanged or communicated within sender and receiver
through written form.
2. Oral or Verbal Communication:- It is the process of
communication in which messages or information is
exchanged or communicated within sender and receiver
through using any spoken or written word.
20. Based On Media
3. Non- Verbal Communication:- It is a process of
communication in which messages or information is
exchanged or communicated within the sender and receiver
through without using spoken or written word.
21. Other Communication Methods
1. Mass Communication:- It is a process of transmitting
information, thoughts, opinions or attitude through
specific channel or media to a large number of
heterogeneous audience.
2. Personal Communication:- When people exchange
information related to their personal life or personal
affair is known as personal communication.
22. Other communication Methods
3. Interpersonal Communication:- It occurs when two
individuals are involved or exchanging information, ideas,
opinions, feelings related to the personal, social,
organizational, national, international who are matter
located in the same place. It is a process of face to face
communication.
