Lecture slides for Ch11

1. PERSONALITY
1. Theories of Personality
2. Personality Assessment
3. Personality Development & Stability

2. PERSONALITY & THE SELF
How would you primarily describe
yourself?
A. sociable
B. reserved
C. a bit of both
Complete as many versions of this
sentence as you can.

3. PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY:
thoughts, emotional
responses, &
behaviors that are
characteristic across
situations and time

4. PERSONALITY THEORIES • PSYCHODYNAMIC
THEORY: Freudʼs idea
that unconscious forces
determine behavior
CONSCIOUS
PRECONSCIOUS
UNCONSCIOUS
Thoughts
Perceptions
Memories
Stored Knowledge
Fears
Unacceptable Desires
Violent Motives
Immoral Thoughts
Selfish Needs
Irrational Wishes
Shameful Experiences

5. PERSONALITY THEORIES

6. PERSONALITY
THEORIES
DEFENSE
MECHANISMS:
unconscious mental
strategies that the
mind uses to
protect itself from
anxiety

7. PERSONALITY
THEORIES
DEFENSE
MECHANISMS:
unconscious mental
strategies that the
mind uses to
protect itself from
anxiety

10. PERSONALITY THEORIES
Stage Age Erotic Focus Key Tasks & Experiences
Oral 0-1 Mouth (sucking,
biting)
Weaning (from breast or
bottle)

11. PERSONALITY THEORIES
Stage Age Erotic Focus Key Tasks & Experiences
Oral 0-1 Mouth (sucking,
biting)
Weaning (from breast or
bottle)
Anal 2-3 Anus (expelling or
retaining feces)
Potty Training

12. PERSONALITY THEORIES
Stage Age Erotic Focus Key Tasks & Experiences
Oral 0-1 Mouth (sucking,
biting)
Weaning (from breast or
bottle)
Anal 2-3 Anus (expelling or
retaining feces)
Potty Training
Phallic 4-5 Genitals
(self-stimulation)
Identifying with adult role
models; Oedipal and Electra
Conflicts

13. PERSONALITY THEORIES
Stage Age Erotic Focus Key Tasks & Experiences
Oral 0-1 Mouth (sucking,
biting)
Weaning (from breast or
bottle)
Anal 2-3 Anus (expelling or
retaining feces)
Potty Training
Phallic 4-5 Genitals
(self-stimulation)
Identifying with adult role
models; Oedipal and Electra
Conflicts
Latency 6-12 N/A Expanding social contacts,
developing defense
mechanisms

14. PERSONALITY THEORIES
Stage Age Erotic Focus Key Tasks & Experiences
Oral 0-1 Mouth (sucking,
biting)
Weaning (from breast or
bottle)
Anal 2-3 Anus (expelling or
retaining feces)
Potty Training
Phallic 4-5 Genitals
(self-stimulation)
Identifying with adult role
models; Oedipal and Electra
Conflicts
Latency 6-12 N/A Expanding social contacts,
developing defense
mechanisms
Genital Puberty Onward Genitals (intimate
relationships)
Establishing intimate
relationships, contributing to
society through work

15. PERSONALITY THEORIES
Strengths
&
Weaknesses

16. PERSONALITY THEORIES
SOCIAL-COGNITIVE
PERSPECTIVE: your
behavior is influenced by
the interaction between
you and your social context
■ Albert Bandura

17. PERSONALITY THEORIES
Father
Social
Worker
Musician
Bilingual
Funny
PERSON-CENTERED
APPROACH: emphasizes
your subjective
understanding of your
own life
■ Humanistic
■ Carl Rogers

18. PERSONALITY THEORIES
PERSON-CENTERED
APPROACH: emphasizes
your subjective
understanding of your
own life
■ Humanistic
■ Carl Rogers

19. PERSONALITY THEORIES
■ TRAIT: a typical
pattern of behavior,
feelings, or actions
■ FACTOR: a cluster
of behavior
tendencies that
occur together
Extraversion
Friendly
Outgoing
Talkative
Gregarious

20. PERSONALITY
THEORIES
FIVE-FACTOR THEORY:
personality can be
described using five
factors
■ AKA: The Big Five

21. PERSONALITY THEORIES

22. PERSONALITY
1. Theories of Personality
2. Personality Assessment
3. Personality Development & Stability

23. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
What
do
you
see?

24. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
RORSCHACH INKBLOT TEST
What did you see?
A. Bat, butterfly, moth
Common good answers
B. Wolf, dog, jack-o-lantern, mask
Internal fear or paranoia
C. A part of the female anatomy
Issues with body image or conflict with women
D. Something else

25. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
What
do you
see?

26. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST (TAT)
What did you see?
A. The man is leaving
Fear of abandonment
B. The woman is preventing him from doing something
Issues with control
C. Infidelity
Fear of betrayal
D. The man has a negative attitude toward the woman
Negative romantic relationships
E. Something else

27. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
PROJECTIVE TESTS:
tests that ask you to
respond to vague
stimuli in ways that
may reveal your
personality traits

28. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
SELF-REPORT INVENTORIES:
tests that ask your to answer
questions about your
characteristics
■ NEO-PI : Measures the Big 5
■ MMPI: measures traits that
contribute to disorders
■ Q-Sort Procedure:
participants sort cards into
piles based on how well they
describe them

29. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
BEHAVIORAL DATA: objective measures of how personality is
expressed in behavior

30. PERSONALITY
1. Theories of Personality
2. Personality Assessment
3. Personality Development & Stability

31. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Personality is 40-60% genetic.
Environment
Genetics

32. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
TEMPERAMENT: biologically based
tendencies to feel or act certain ways
• Activity Level
• Emotionality
• Sociability
Environment
Genetics

33. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
• Family
• Friends
• School
• Neighborhood
• Religion
• Culture
• Socioeconomic Status (SES)
• Opportunities & constraints
Environment
Genetics

34. PERSONALITY STABILITY
■ SITUATIONISM: the
idea that behavior is
more determined by
situations than
dispositions
■ INTERACTIONISM:
the idea that behavior
is determined jointly
by situations and
dispositions

35. PERSONALITY STABILITY

36. PERSONALITY STABILITY

37. PERSONALITY
STABILITY

38. PERSONALITY STABILITY