Challenges of migration

1. CHALLENGES OF MIGRATION IN
AFRICA AND THE WORLD: SOCIO-
ECONOMIC, SECURITY AND HUMAN
RIGHTS IMPLICATIONS
INFORMATION AND MIGRATION REGIONAL SEMINAR
28-29 April 2015
REIZ Continental Hotel, Abuja
IKUTEYIJO Lanre Olusegun
Department of sociology and anthropology
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Email: likuteyijo@oauife.edu.ng
28th October 2015
2015
1

2. Objectives of the Presentation
2015
2
The presentation aims to:
 examine the challenges of migration for Africa
and the world
 specifically discuss the socio-economic, security
and human rights implications of migration
 Discuss challenges with responses at country,
regional and global levels, and
 conclude with some implications for policy

3. Introduction
24/02/2021
3
 Today’s world is witnessing one of the most
mobile generations of all time
 role of globalisation and revolution in
technology
 about 232 million people (3.2% of world’s
population) reside outside their birth countries
(UNFPA, 2014)
 Migration portends a plethora of challenges to
both origin and destination countries

4. Introduction (cont’d)
24/02/2021
4
 properly managed migration holds enormous
potential for development of the continent and
the world.
 this presentation is on the socio-economic,
security and human rights implications of
migration.

5. Challenges of Migration
24/02/2021
5
 The challenges presented by migration in
today’s world can be discussed along the
following:
-Socio-economic
-Security
-Humanitarian or human rights dimensions

6. Socio-economic challenges
(internal)
24/02/2021
6
 Rural-urban drift with concomitant effects e.g.
-deteriorating urban living conditions
-urbanisation of poverty
Urbanisation of crime
-degraded norms (‘un-African culture’)

7. Socio-economic challenges
(international)
24/02/2021
7
 ‘Brain waste’ (3 Ds: Dirty, Demeaning and
Dangerous)
 Security guards, cleaners, corpse washers, etc.
 Interestingly in less developed countries e.g.
Libya, Dubai etc.
 Impact on family:
-family reunion, (UK immigration policy E18,600 )
-increase in separation,
-divorce and domestic violence (see i-iii in
bibliography)

8. Security Challenges of
Migration
24/02/2021
8
 Trans-border crimes
 Small arms proliferation
 Terrorism and political violence (Boko
Haram/ISIS)
 See table
 Mediterranean Death Trap

9. Security implications of
migration
24/02/2021
9

10. Human Rights Implications
24/02/2021
10
The Palermo Protocol definition of human
trafficking
as including the following:
 Trafficking in children (farm and domestic
labour)
 Trafficking in women (sexual exploitation)
 Trafficking for human body parts
 Human smuggling

11. Humanitarian impact (case
study 1)
24/02/2021
11
SEMIRA ADAMU (1978-1998)
•A 20 year old Nigeria
•Died from suffocation aboard a
Saberia Airline flight from
Belgium.
•She fled from Nigeria due to
threat of forced marriage

12. Case 2 (1999)
24/02/2021
12
MARCUS OMOFUMA
•A 25 year old Nigerian
•Killed during deportation
from Austria
•Tapped so tight to his seat
that he could not breathe

13. Case 3 (2007)
24/02/2021
13
Osamuyiwa Aikpitanhi
•23 year old Nigerian
•Gagged by policemen
aboard an Iberia Flight
from Spain

14. Case 4 (2014)
24/02/2021
14
 Toba Falode
 19 year old Nigerian
 Killed in Dubai
 Student of SAE Institute Dubai
 Son of a journalist

15. Xenophobia
24/02/2021
15
‘Aficans on Africans’ (Afrophobia)
migrants have been targets of attacks
abroad
In event of economic recession,
migrants are vulnerable
Recently in
South Africa (2015)
Cote d’ Voire (2013)
Ghana (2010)

16. Social Impact
24/02/2021
16
Africans who may NEVER return HOME

17. Emerging policies
24/02/2021
17
 Fortress Europe
 Criminalisation of migration
 Bilateral and multilateral agreements
 Regional migration policies (ECOWAS, SADC,
COMESA, EU, etc)
 IOM’s AVRR as alternative to forced
deportation
 Various conventions and laws to protect
migrants
 -CEDAW, MWC, CRC, ICERD, etc

18. Conclusion
24/02/2021
18
 Migration management is a sine qua non for
the effective utilisation of the gains of migration
 The place of adequate information and
feedback cannot be over-emphasised
 Synergy between researchers, policy makers
and information managers therefore neccesary
in the light of the afore-discussed challenges.

19. Thank you for your
attention!
24/02/2021
19

20. Photo Credits
 www.google.com
24/02/2021
20

21. Bibliography
24/02/2021
21
 i Orloff, Leslye and Rachael Little. 1999. “Somewhere to Turn: Making Domestic Violence Services
Accessible to Battered Immigrant Women.” A ‘How To’ Manual for Battered Women’s Advocates and
Service Providers. Ayuda Inc.
 ii Dutton, Mary; Leslye Orloff, and Giselle Aguilar Hass. 2000. “Characteristics of Help-Seeking
Behaviors, Resources, and Services Needs of Battered Immigrant Latinas: Legal and Policy
implications.” Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy. 7(2).
 iii Tjaden, Patricia and Nancy Thoennes. 2000. Extent, Nature and Consequences of Violence Against
Women: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. The National Institute of Justice
and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 9, 2004.
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/183781.pdf.
 UNFPA (2014) ‘Migration’ avalaible at http://www.unfpa.org/migration
 Ikuteyijo, L. (2013). The Impact of European Union Migration Policies on Irregular Migration in Sub-
Saharan Africa. In territoriality and Migration in the EU Neighbourhood: Spilling Over the Wall. Edited by
Walton-Roberts, M. and Hennebry, J. Springer International Immigration Series 5.
 Ikuteyijo, L. (2014). EU Migration Policies and the Criminalisation of the Senegalese Irregular Migration
Flows. In Between Migrations to Europe and Returns. International Commentary edited by Michelle
Gonneli: Vol. 10 no. 35. Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy
 Ikuteyijo, L. (2015) “Policing Irregular Migration In West Africa: Implications for Regional Integration” in
Regional Economic Communities edited by Olutayo, O. and Adeniran A. CODESRIA Publication