List of important Diseases of stone fruits and medicinal plants

1. Siddu Lakshmi Prasanna
Course No.: PATH 2.7.1.
Course Title: Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal
and Aromatic crops
By
Dr. Siddu Lakshmi Prasanna
Ph. D (Agri.)
Dept. of Plant Pathology

2. Stone fruits: Almond, Pear, Plums and Walnuts

3. Sr.
No.
Disease Causal organism
1. Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria alternata
2. Anthracnose Colletotrichum acutatum
3. Armillaria root rot Armillaria mellea
4. Brown rot or stone fruit
rot
Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa or
Sclerotinia sclerotiarum
5. Ceratocystis canker Ceratocystis fimbriata
6. Leaf curl Taphrina deformans
7. Phytophthora root and
crown rot
Phytophthora cactorum
Almond

4. 8. Powdery mildew Podosphaera tridactyla var. tridactyla,
Sphaerotheca pannosa
9. Scab Venturia carpophila
10. Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahlia
11. Rust or stone fruit rust Tranzschelia discolor
12. Bacterial canker Pseudomonas syringae Pv. Syringae
13. Bacterial spot Xanthomonas campestris Pv. Pruni
14. Almond leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa
15. Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens

5. Sr. No. Disease Causal organism
1. Plum pocket Taphrina maculans
2. Wilt Verticillium albo atrum
3. Leaf curl Taphrina deformans
4. Bacterial canker Pseudomonas syringae Pv. Syringae
5. Bacterial leaf spot Xanthomonas arboricola Pv. Pruni
6. Line pattern Plum American line pattern virus
7. Plum mosaic Plum line pattern virus and ring spot virus
8. Creamy white spot Creamy white spot virus
Plum

6. Sr. No. Disease Causal organism
1. Leaf spot Mycosphaerella chaubattiensis
2. Rust Gymnosporangium sabinae
3. Fruit decay Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum,
Trichothecium roseum, Glomerella cingulata
4. Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
5. Bacterial canker Pseudomonas syringae Pv. Syringae
6. Bacterial leaf
spot
Xanthomonas arboricola Pv. Pruni
7. Ring spot Prunus necrotic ring spot virus, Ilar virus
8. Dwarf Prunus dwarf virus – Ilar virus
Pear

7. Walnut
Sr.
No.
Disease Causal organism
1. Anthracnose Marssonia juglandis
2. Phytophthora root rot Phytophthora citricola,
P. cinnamomi
3. Leaf spot Mycosphaerella juglandis
4. Fusarium canker Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum
5. Cylindrocladium root rot Cylindrocladium scoparium
6. Bacterial blight Xanthomonas juglandis

8. Strawberry
Sr. No. Disease Causal organism
1. Septoria leaf spot Septoria aciculosa
2. Leaf and stem blight Mycosphaerella fragariae
3. Rust Puccinia fragariae
4. Botrytis rot Botrytis cinerea
5. Anthracnose Colletotrichum acutatum
6. Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae

10. Hemp
Sr.
No.
Disease Causal organism
1. Leaf spot Cercospora cannabina
2. Wilt Fusarium sps.
3. Phyllody Phytoplasmas

11. Foliar diseases
1. Anthracnose- Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum dematium
2. Brown blight- Alternaria alternata
3. Curvularia leaf spot- Curvularia cymbopogonis, Curvularia lunata
[Cochliobolus lunatus]
4. Downy mildew - Pseudoperonospora cannabina, Pseudoperonospora humuli
5. Rust -Uromyces inconspicuus
6. Powdery mildew-Leveillula taurica, Oidiopsis taurica, Sphaerotheca macularis
7. Gray mold- Botrytis cinerea
8. White leaf spot -Phomopsis ganjae
Hemp

12. 9. Yellow leaf spot -Septoria cannabis, Septoria cannabina
10. Leaf spot: Cercospora cannabina.
B. Soil borne disease
1. Southern blight, Sclerotium root and stem rot- Sclerotium rolfsii, Athelia rolfsii
2. Charcoal rot- Macrophomina phaseolina
3. Fusarium foot rot and root rot- Fusarium solani
4. Fusarium stem canker- Fusarium sulphureum
5. Fusarium wilt- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cannabis, F. o. f.sp. vasinfectum

13. 6. Hemp canker- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
7. Verticillium wilt - Verticillium albo-atrum,Verticillium dahliae
8. Tropical rot - Lasiodiplodia theobromae,= Botryodiplodia
theobromae
9. Rhizoctonia or sore-shin and root rot - Rhizoctonia solani
10. Pink rot - Trichothecium roseum (Cephalothecium roseum)
11.Phymatotrichum root rot (Cotton root rot) - Phymatotrichum
omnivorum

14. C. Bacterial diseases
1. Bacterial blight- Pseudomonas cannabina
2. Crown gall- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3. Leaf spot- Xanthomonas campestris pv. cannabis
4. Witches' broom- Phytoplasma
D. Viral diseases
• Cucumber mosaic- Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Cucumovirus
• Alfalfa mosaic & Lucerne mosaic- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)- Alfamovirus
• Arabis mosaic- Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV)- Nepovirus
• Hemp mosaic- Sunn-hemp mosaic virus- Tobamovirus
• Hemp streak-Hemp streak virus Transmitted by thrips, most likely a Tospovirus

16. Belladona
Sr.
No.
Disease Causal organism
1. Root rot wiltt Fusarium solani, Pythium butleri and
Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae
2. Leaf spot Cercospora atropae
3. Damping off Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani
and Phytophthora parasitica
4. Downey mildew Peronospora spp.
5. Leaf necrosis Ascochyta atropae
6. Mottlevirus virus
Scientific name: Atropa belladonna

17. A. Soil borne disease
• Root and stem rot- Phytophthora parasitica
• Root rot/wilt - Fusarium solani
• Damping off- Pythium ultimum, P. debaryanum, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora
parasitica)
B. Foliar disease
• Leaf spot- Cercospora atropae
• Downy mildew - Peronospora parasitica
• Leaf necrosis- Ascochyta atropae
C. Viral Diseases
• Mottling of belladonna -Belladonna mottle virus- tymovirus -Mechanical
• Belladonna mosaic - Belladonna mosaic virus - Nematodes

19. Camphor
Sr.
No.
Disease Causal organism
1. Powdery mildew Microsphaera alphifoides,
Erysiphe cinnamomi
2. Verticillium wilt Verticillium spp.
3. Leaf spot Pseudomonas spp.
4. Leaf blight Alternaria spp.

20. • Branch dieback and decline- Phytophthora ramorum
• Canker - Botryosphaeria dothidea
• Leaf blight - Glomerella cingulate
• Powdery mildew- Microsphaera alphifoides, Erysiphe cinnamomi
• Leaf blight- Alternaria spp.
• Brown root disease - Phellinus noxius
• Verticelium wilt - Verticillium spp.
• Bacterial leaf spot- Pseudomonas spp.
Diseases of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora)

21. • Leaf blight- Curvularia paradissi, Drechslera maydis or D. victoriae
• Rhizome rot - Fusarium solani
• Pythium rhizome rot - Pythium spirosum
Diseases of Costus (Costus speciosus)

22. Crotalaria
Sr. No. Disease Causal organism
1. Fusarium wilt Fusarium udum
2. Stem rot Sclerotium rolfsii

23. • Anthracnose- Colletotrichum curvatum
• Leaf spot- Pestalotia oxyanthi
• Powdery mildew - Microsphaera diffusa
• Rust - Uromyces spp.,
• Fusarium wilt : Fusarium udam f. sp. crotalariae
• Root and Stem rot : Sclerotium rolfsii
• Phymatotrichum root rot - Phymatotrichum omnivorum
Diseases of Crotalaria

25. Datura
Sr.
No.
Disease Causal organism
1. Wilt Sclerotium rolfsii
2. Root and foot rot Corticium solani
3. Leaf spot Alternaria tenuissima
4. Distortion Virus
5. Rugose leaf Virus
6. Mosaic Virus
7. Little leaf Phytoplasma

26. A. Foliar disease
• Leaf blight and fruit rot- Alternaria cresaa
• Leaf blight - Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuissima
• Cercospora leaf spot - Cercospora jamaicenrsis, Cercospora daturicola
• Phomopsis leaf spot- Phomopsis venenosa
• Phyllosticta leaf spot- Phyllosticta hortorum
• Leaf spot - Septoria lycopersici
• Powdery mildew- Leveillula taurica
Diseases of Datura

27. B. Soil borne diseases
• Collar Root rot/ Southern blight/Wilt - Sclerotium rolfsii
• Root rot –Phytophthora spp., Pythium spp.
• Cotton root rot, Texas- Phymatotrichum omnivoram
• Black root rot -Thielaviopsis basicola
• Charcoal rot -Macrophomina phaseolina
C. Bacterial diseases
• Bacterial wilt -Pseudomonas solanacearum
• Phyllody- Phytoplasma

28. D. Viral diseases- D. stramonium is a susceptible host to more than 60 viruses
• Datura wilt virus -Tomato spotted wilt virus
• Colombian datura virus (CDV) - aphid non-persistent transmission by Myzus
persicae -Potyvirus
• Datura distortion mosaic virus- non-persistently by Aphis craccivora and Myzus
persicae
• Datura rugose leaf curl virus- Austroagallia torrida leafhoppers
• Datura mosaic - Datura mosaic virus (DMV)- Virus transmitted by mechanical
inoculation; transmitted by grafting

29. Dioscorea

30. Dioscorea
Sr. No. Disease Causal organism
1. Damping off Pythium spp.
2. Leaf spot Cercospora dioscoreae
3. Leaf fall & die
back
Colletotrichum sp.
4. Leaf Blight Glomerella cingulata
5. Tuber Rot Fusarium sp.,
Rhizoctonia sp
Dioscorea floribunda

31. DISEASES OF Solanum khasianum
• Damping off - Pythium butleri
• Powdery mildew - Leveillula taurica
• Fusarium wilt – Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lacimiti

32. DISEASES OF WILD INDIGO (Tephrosia purpurea)
• Leaf blight- Alternaria tenuissima
• Witches Broom – Phytoplasma
• Tephrosia yellow vein virus- Groundnut Stunt Virus

33. 1. Harvest the produce at proper maturity.
2. Harvest carefully with out causing any wound.
3. Harvest during cooler hour and immediately shift to cold storage.
4. After harvest grading is must remove affected, misshaped, wounded fruits before cold storage
5. Use sterilized packing material
6. Keep clean around the vicinity of grading area.
7. chemical treatment Benomyl-1g/lit dip the fruit 5-6 min, dry under shade, pack it and transmit.
8. Oil dipping. olive oil or Neem oil- dip the fruit in this oil 5-6 min and dry under shade
9. Wax coating 0.1% in apple.
10. Trichoderma dipping-10% trichodermal solution dip 5-6 min, and dry it .
Management of Post-Harvest Diseases:
Chemical Management:
1. Benomyl – 1g/lit Visit
2. Thiophanate methyl 0.2%
3. Diphenyl

34. Cultural :
* Pruning: early identification of canker affected limbes and prune and wounded area should be
pasted with C.O.C to avoid other saprophytic parasites.
* On fallen leaves and flowers spray urea solution of 5% which enhances degradation there by
inoculums reduces.
*Maintain optimum population density.
*Go for drip irrigation.
*Remove affected fruit, branches carefully and burn.
*Resistance variety.
*Summer stressed plant is more susceptible.
*Summer Irrigation.
*Proper spacing should be maintained.
*Regulatory Measure – Avoid importing susceptible root sucks from diseased area.
*Pruning should be done properly their by better aeration.
*Uproot and burn.
*Avoid movement of water from infected to healthy plant.