Presentation at the European Conference of Adapted Physical Activity (EUCAPA) 2018, Worcester. Oral presentation on data from the Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (FSPA) 2016 study. Differences and similarities reported in the light and moderate physical activity levels as measured by accelerometers. Kwok Ng, Pauli Rintala, Pauliina Husu, Jari Villberg, Tommi Vasankari, Sami Kokko. University of Limerick, University of Jyvaskyla, UKK Institute

1. DISAGGREGATING YOUNG
ADOLESCENT DEVICE WORN
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BY
DISABILITY
Kwok Ng1,2,
Pauli Rintala2,
Pauliina Husu3,
Jari Villberg2,
Tommi Vasankari3,
Sami Kokko2
1 University of Limerick, 2 University of Jyvaskyla, 3
UKK Institute
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2. Monitoring physical activity among young adolescents with
disabilities is a top academic priority (Tremblay et al, 2016).
National level data has often relied upon self-reported measures of
physical activity (Hallal et al, 2012)
Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
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3. PREVALANCE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH LONG TERM ILLNESS OR DISABILITIES
(LTID) in 2014 HBSC study AND THE ASSOCIATIONS WITH DAILY PHYSICAL
ACTIVITIES AFTER DISAGGREGATION BY LONG TERM ILLNESS OR DISABILITES
> 25%
20-25%
15-20%
10-15%
< 10%
No data
Not HBSC
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BOYS (OR=0.89, CI=0.81:0.98) GIRLS (OR=1.09, CI=0.98:1.22)
OR=2.09, CI=1.06:4.15
OR=1.91, CI=1.01:3.59
OR=3.64, CI=1.69:7.86
Ng et al, 10.1123/apaq.2016-0138

4. TRENDS OF DAILY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
IN FINLAND (2002-2014) BY ORGANISED
SPORT MEMBERSHIP
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2002 2006 2010 2014
Proportion%
Boy Members 7 Days Girl Members 7 Days
Boy Non-Members 7 Days Girl Non-Members 7 days
Ng et al, 10.1123/jpah.2015-05394th July 2018 @KWOKWNG EUCAPA 2018 4

5. Reported functional difficulties is a consistent marker for disabilities
(Mont et al, 2012)
The Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics
(www.washingtongroup-disability.com) has produced
Short set
 Walking, seeing, hearing, cognition, self-care and communication
Extended set
 Upper body functioning, psychosocial difficulties, pain and fatigue, use of assistive technologies
Child functioning module with UNICEF (2-17 year olds)
 2-4 year olds
 5-17 year olds
Disaggregation by disability groups is based on agreed criteria of
levels of severities in functional difficulties.
Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
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6. MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS OF AT LEAST 60 MINUTES OF
MVPA (ADJUSTED GENDER, AGE, FAS)
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3
4
5
6
7
Days/week
REF.
Ng et al, HEPA 2017

7. Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
Cluster Multi-level SampleFull Data
• 9, 11, 13, 15 year olds (n=6369), Country strata, Random class
• Gender, Age, Family Affluence
SubsampleDevice Data
• 9, 11, 13, 15 year olds (n=3284), 7 day monitoring
All participants respondFunction Data
• 13, 15 year olds (n=1436), (modified) Washington Group on Disability
statistics, Physical Activity (>10h/day & >4days)
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8. Accelerometers
Hip-worn (UKK AM30 and UKK AM42)
Flexible belt on the right hip
Wear for 7 consecutive days
 Data use if >10h/day & >4 days
Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) with 6s epoch length, with smoothing over 1min
average, and converted to metabolic equivalent (MET)
Light Physical Activity (LPA) = 1.5-2.9 MET
Moderate Physical Activity (MPA) = 3.0-5.9 MET
Vigorous Physical Activity (VPA) = over 6.0 MET
 MPA an VPA combined for MVPA.
Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
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9. Statistical Analyses (SPSS)
Confounders include Gender, Age, Family Affluence Scale, and wear-time
 FAS = 6 items used for proxy socioeconomic status
Cohen’s D for effect size
General Linear Models
 Dependent: Physical Activity
 Independent: Disbilities
 Disability severity set at, ”some difficulties”
Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
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10. Disabilities N MVPA P D LPA P D
None 1247 97.3 204.7
Any 189 88.9 0.011 2.30 197.3 0.022 0.179
Seeing 39 94.9 0.728 0.057 208.5 0.577 -0.091
Hearing 15 118.0 0.060 -0.489 218.0 0.212 -0.324
Speaking 25 74.6 0.008 0.539 194.9 0.237 0.239
Moving 12 83.1 0.247 0.336 186.3 0.119 0.452
Breathing 59 40.6 0.727 1.350 213.0 0.127 -0.204
Rememberi
ng
105 87.1 0.018 0.241 191.5 0.002 0.318
Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
Unadjusted means of MVPA and LPA mins.week-1 with differences by disabilities
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Ng et al, (under review)

11. Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Min.week-1
MVPA from children without Disabilities
(0mins)
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Mins.week-1
LPA from children without Disabilities
(0mins)
Ng et al, (under review)4th July 2018 @KWOKWNG EUCAPA 2018 11

12. Results from accelerometer based PA confirm the prior results of
self-reported physical activity differences between children without
and specific disabilities
To highlight, after adjusting for gender, age and wear-time,
significant differences in physical activity between children with and
without disabilities included
18mins.week-1 less MVPA among children with speaking difficulties
22mins.week-1 less LPA among children with moving difficulties
10mins.week-1 less LPA among children with remembering or concentration
difficulties
MVPA tends to be low among young adolescents. We suggest the
need for health promotion interventions to target the individual and
environment based on functional abilities
Background Definitions Method Results Discussion
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QUESTIONS? OR COMMENTS!