Keynote Presentation at the Khorfakkan International Scientific Conference, 29th-30th June 2019. Sharjah - UAE Kwok Ng, PhD. EUFAPA, UEF, IFAPA, HBSC

1. Health Promotion and behaviour for athletes with disabilities
Kwok Ng, PhD
Twitter: @kwokwng

2. Health is considered
as a “state of
complete physical,
mental and social
well-being and not
merely the absence of
disease or infirmity”
(WHO, 1948),
Four Dimensions of Health, (O’Toole and Kropf, 2010)
Twitter: @kwokwng

3. Twitter: @kwokwng

4. Twitter: @kwokwng

5. Filho et al, 2006. Br J Sports Med, doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.029421
In Japan, almost a fifth of adults still smoke.
The rate for men in their 30s to 50s is nearly
twice as high, according to a survey in 2017.
In Japan, about 15,000 people, mainly
women and children, die annually because of
second-hand smoke, according to
Government and WHO estimates.
Violators can face fines of up to JPY ¥300,000
(£2,000/$2,700/€2,400) for smokers and up to JPY
¥500,000 (£3,400/$4,500/€4,000) for facility managers
https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/107
6087/tokyo-2020-announce-that-smoking-
and-vaping-will-be-banned-at-all-venues
Twitter: @kwokwng

6. • The ICF framework has a
versatile approach that contains;
the health condition
(disorder/disease, according to
the ICD); the body function and
structure (Impairment);
Activities (limitation);
Participation (Restriction);
Environment factors; and
Personal factors.
• This framework can be used for
multi- and inter-disciplines to
help individuals and society
grasp the concept of disability
and its ubiquity (Bickenbach,
2012).
Twitter: @kwokwng

7. Commonalities among constructs of theories and models of motivation related to health promotion.
Note. SET=Self-Efficacy Theory, SDT=Self-Determination Theory, TPB=Theory of Planned Behavior, SOC=Stages
of Change Model, HPM=Pender’s Health Promotion Model, HAPA=Health Action Process Approach, and
EPPM=Extended Parallel Process Model.
Eagle et al. 2017 Aust. J. Rehabil. Couns. Doi: 10.1017/jrc.2017.9
Twitter: @kwokwng

8. Finnish Boys (13-15y) n=439
Global
Self Esteem
Self efficacy Intention
PA
Age
.308***
.373***
.075+.06 1.138***
.729***
.022ns
-.364***
.512***
Twitter: @kwokwng
Doi: 10.2427/11699

9. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)
Since 1995, more than 100 countries and close to 230 surveys*
*As of October 2011
Countries with at least one MICS survey, including sub-national as well as ongoing MICS4 surveys

11. Percentages of Types of LTID (n=938)
49
21
10
12
2
11
Chronic conditions
Learning difficulties
Functional difficulties
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12. Divide in PA through organized sports
Ng et al, 2017. doi:10.3390/sports5040081
Twitter: @kwokwng

13. Activities as protective factors for spiritual health
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
No Involvement Sport Involvement Other
Involvement
Sport and Other
Involvement
No exceptionalities ADHD LD
* p<.05
*
*
*
Ng et al, (2018)Doi: 10.1080/23312521.2018.1467294
Twitter: @kwokwng

14. Measures of Disability
Chronic Conditions Short Questionnaire
to create
1. Adolescent with LTID
Do you have a long-time disability, illness
or medical condition (such as cerebral
palsy, diabetes, arthritis or an allergy)
diagnosed by a doctor - Yes
2. Adolescent with severe LTID, as above AND
Does your long-term illness or disability
affect your participation in school - Yes
Severity Status (2)
No = 9372 (66%) Yes = 2566 (34%)*
Adolescents’ LTID Status (1)
No = 58,100
(83%)
Yes = 11,938
(17%)
Countries with CCSQ
No = 27 (64%) Yes = 15 (36%)
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15. > 25%
20-25%
15-20%
10-15%
< 10%
No data
Not HBSC
BOYS (OR=0.89, CI=0.81:0.98) GIRLS (OR=1.09, CI=0.98:1.22)
OR=2.09, CI=1.06:4.15
OR=1.91, CI=1.01:3.59
OR=3.64, CI=1.69:7.86
PREVALANCE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH LONG TERM ILLNESS OR DISABILITIES (LTID) in 2014 HBSC study AND THE
ASSOCIATIONS WITH DAILY PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AFTER DISAGGREGATION BY LONG TERM ILLNESS OR DISABILITES
Doi: 10.1123/apaq.2016-0138
Twitter: @kwokwng

16. Proportion of Disabilities, Girls, Sport
Club members and average PA (Finland)
Year % LTID % Girls % 13 Yr % Clubs MVPA Days MVPA SD
All 17.1 55.2*** 48.0 42.4* 4.15 1.97
2002 17.8 54.2* 48.2 38.2 3.54 1.95
2006 17.3 56.4* 46.3 40.9 4.07 1.95
2010 14.4 57.0** 49.8 43.4 4.39 2.00
2014 19.2 53.5 47.8 46.6* 4.56 1.83
T-test: characteristics on LTID proportion* p>.05; ** p>.01; ***p>.001
Doi: 10.1123/jpah.2015-0539
Twitter: @kwokwng

17. Trends of daily physical activity in Finland (2002-
2014) by organised sport membership
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2002 2006 2010 2014
Proportion%
Boy Members 7 Days Girl Members 7 Days Boy Non-Members 7 Days Girl Non-Members 7 days
Ng et al, 10.1123/jpah.2015-0539 Twitter: @kwokwng
Doi: 10.1123/jpah.2015-0539
Twitter: @kwokwng

18. 2017 Finnish School Health Promotion Study (n=1288,03, Mage=15.8, SD=1.3)
Ng, et al (submitted)
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19. -50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Min.week-1
MVPA from children without Disabilities (0mins)
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Mins.week-1
LPA from children without Disabilities (0mins)
Accelerometers
Hip-worn (UKK AM30 and UKK AM42)
Light Physical Activity (LPA) = 1.5-2.9 MET
Moderate Physical Activity (MPA) = 3.0-5.9 MET
Vigorous Physical Activity (VPA) = over 6.0 MET
MPA an VPA combined for MVPA.
Doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.08.011
Twitter: @kwokwng

20. Severe LTID involved in other injuries
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Relative%
Prevalence of Injuries, Location and Activity of injury
NoLTID
LTID
Severe
Doi: 10.1186/s40621-017-0112-0
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21. Chronic diseases
Sport-related
injuries
Long-term
investment
into healthy
living
High medical
treatment
costs in the
future
Sports injuries Policy considerations
Children with disabilities report more injuries than their non-
disabled counterparts and the difference increases as the
chidlren get older (Shi et al, 2015)
Barriers to PA for youth (Bloemen et al, 2015)
Individuals fear of increased risk for injury,
fear of injury,
safety or incontinence
Doi: 10.1186/s40621-017-0112-0
Twitter: @kwokwng

22. Conclusions
• Health Promotion is essential to move a shift from pathogenesis to salutogenesis.
• Public Health data lacks accurate ways to collect data on disabilities to disaggregate by
disability (as according to the Sustainable development goals
• Athletes with disabilities require more attention in health promotion that any other group to
help explain what can be done to improve services and overall health among people with
disabilities.
• Data missing from this presentation were related to mental health issues
• Acquired disabilities and trauma
• Growing through rehabilitation
• Handling competition and personal growth models.
• Data missing from this presentation on aspects related to social health issues
• Coping with stigma
• Sense of belongingness / avoidance of loneliness
• Special Olympic Healthy Athlete data were not presented
Twitter: @kwokwng

23. Elche (Spain), 21-23 October
Adapted Physical Activity for Health
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24. Twitter: @kwokwng