Steel Assignment 4

1. Institute de Technologie du Cambodge Construction Métallique II
KUY Limeng Page 1 of 12 Rev 23/06/2023
Table of Contents
I. Report of construction gas station........................................................................................ 2
1. Foundation .......................................................................................................................... 2
2. Concrete testing .................................................................................................................. 4
3. Beam and floor slab............................................................................................................ 5
4. Column ................................................................................................................................ 5
5. Steel beam............................................................................................................................ 7
II. 3D Model ............................................................................................................................. 9
III. BOM (Bill of Material)..................................................................................................... 10
IV. Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 12

2. Institute de Technologie du Cambodge Construction Métallique II
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Project: Gas station
I. Report of construction gas station
The steel structure is suitable for several types of construction, such as stadiums, bridges,
warehouses, factories, garages, and so on. This is the process of construction of gas station which
its beams are made from steel.
1. Foundation
• Site Preparation
Site preparation is the process of cleaning up a construction site. Site preparation provides
the way for other repair or demolition work needed before the construction of the project can start.
Site cleaning includes the removal of trash, equipment, machinery, and undesired things. Some site
preparation tasks might need your permission. The employees must avoid any trees that were
planted for protection at all costs.
• Excavation
After the area has been cleared, excavation can begin. Excavation is the process of
removing earth in order to dig a hole in the ground. Small sites can utilize wheelbarrows, shovels,
and picks to perform manual excavation. However, deep excavations demand the utilization of
heavy equipment machinery.
• Driven piles
First let surveyor point the points which we need to hit piles into the soil. When the piles
come from the factory, we need to check the time which the piles were created to see whether it
has enough strength for construction or not. Mostly the piles which were made in 28 days, have
enough strength.
Figure 1: Date of production Figure 2: Section of pile

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We can also check strength of concrete by using the tool to test strength of piles (Hammer).
Before we test, we need to polishing the area of piles. This polishing in order to remove the upper
limescale surface is polished until it reaches the concrete surface to make our test good.
After we check the strength, we hit those piles into soil then we dig the soil around the piles
to see the head of those piles are cracked or not. If they are, we need to cut the head part of piles.
• Footing
We have to compact soil to make it strong and to have constancy level then compact rock
until we get thickness 100mm. After we make lean thickness 50mm to avoid water leakage when
pouring concrete.
We put the formwork of footing above the piles to build footing. We prepare the steel for
footing and then put in formwork of footing by left the spacing cover is 50mm after that prepare
the steel for column then pure the concrete into the formwork but before we pour the concrete, we
need to test slum concrete. The steel column we should left it perhaps 40D, D is the diameter of
the steel.
Figure 3: utilization of Hammer

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2. Concrete testing
• Slum testing
Before pouring the concrete, we must test it to find the slum. The slum test is a test
performed on fresh cement concrete to determine the workability of fresh concrete. Slum
depends on the amount of mixing water used. In general, the higher the slum value, the
higher the workability of fresh concrete. Testing process is as follows:
− A steel slump cone is placed on a solid, impermeable and flat base
− Filled with fresh concrete in cone as three equal layers
− Each layer is raked 25 times while holding the cone, to ensure compaction
− The cone should be lifted carefully, leaving a pile of concrete that settles or sags
slightly and sagging can take several forms.
− For a subsidence to be acceptable, the concrete must simply collapse, while keeping
more or less the shape of the cone.
− We then measure the length of the cone at the end of the concrete.
− The acceptable length h is (12±2.5) cm
Figure 4: Concrete slum test

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• Compressive test
We test the compression concrete by putting it on a cube and then taking it to the
laboratory.
3. Beam and floor slab
After pouring the concrete, footing and piles. They must fill the soil and let topography put
the slab level. We have to make lean then prepare steel to manufacture belt beams. Fill the soil
at belt beams level and put plastic bags (we use it instead of lean). We prepare steel by
connecting with the steel we have embedded in belt beam and pour concrete to build slab on
the ground. We prepare of the steel slab by take the cross section and spacing of the steel
according to the plan we have. For floor slab we first pour the concrete into beams, then we
pour the concrete into slabs later. But for beams and slabs from the first floor to the top floor,
concrete can be poured together. Then let topography find the perpendicular of the column for
easy to prepare the pole formwork.
4. Column
To build a column, you need to find the length of steel that will be connected to the steel
we embedded. The length of steel to be cut for the column is equal to the level of the upper slab
minus the level of the lower slab plus the length of steel to be embedded for the other floor
(40D is the diameter of the steel).
Then we connect the cut steel with the steel we embedded and we also have steel stirrup.
We put steel stirrup in the pole to avoid tearing the formwork of the column and buckling of
the column, etc. We prepare the formwork of the column and then pour the concrete. Let left
for 1 day before you can remove the formwork from the column because the column has not
been subjected to slab compression (slab not yet built). But for slab, we cannot remove the slab
formwork in 1 day. We leave it 28 days to remove it, because the slab supports its own weight.
Figure 5: Cube for compression test

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If during construction have problems like the image below occur:
Figure 7 Figure 8
Figure 7 show that the steel in the column is at the edge of the section, so we have to bend
steel in the shape of the neck of the bottle in the section because when we prepare a column
formwork, there will be a gap between the steel and the formwork of column so that sand and
gravel can flow into this space.
Figure 8 show that the column has been enlarged section so we have to bend some of the
steel shaped like the neck of the bottle.
Figure 6: formwork of column sample

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Another problem that can also occur is when we remove the formwork from the column.
The column may have shrinkage effect as shown below:
Figure 9: The shrinkage of the column Figure 10: Column repair using Sika
If the column has a shrinkage greater than 20%, we have to destroy it and rebuild it. But if it
has a shrinkage of less than 20%, we can use Sika grout instead.
5. Steel beam
• Types of Connections
1. Column to beam connection:
This type of connection is used with anchor bolt at column head and beam joint. Inserting
anchor bolt in concrete before casting the concrete and steel plate in middle to connect with
these two elements.
2. Beam to beam connection or beam splice:
This kind of connection is located in the beam to splice between one beam to another
beam. Combination of two beam steel, one at top and one at bottom and one plate on each
side. We use bolts to connect them together.
3. Main beam to secondary beam connection
When secondary beam connected to the main beam, we are using one side of plate
connect to main beam connect together by bolt and on the other side that connect to
secondary beam is used by welding.

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When the columns are built, we lift the main steel beam to connect with column by using
joint such as bolt or welds, etc.
After that we connect other beam with the main beam by using bolt or welds
If the length of beam that we need is too long, we can also joint two beams to make one.
The length of beam maximum is 3m to 9m
Figure 12: Connection main beam to beam by using bolt
Figure 11: Connection column to main beam by using bolt

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II.3D Model
Figure 12: Connection beam to beam by using bolt
Figure 13: 3D Model

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1 H250x125x6x9 4 174.1287 6000
2 H250x125x6x9 2 348.2574 12000
3 H250x125x6x9 3 203.1502 7000
4 PL 30x250x400 13
5 M24-8.8 20
other
No. Type of material Quantity Mass [kg] Length [mm]
III. BOM (Bill of Material)
We have BOM of Steel and Reinforce Concrete
Figure 15: Bolt and Connection
Figure 14: Footing and Steel Beam
Figure 16: BOM of Steel

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1
Pile
300x300
6
-2.1
2
P2
DB16@150
(Long
direction)
16
11
1902
20921
1205
-1.6
TOP
REBAR
3
P2
DB16@150
(Short
direction)
16
4
3322
13290
2105
-1.6
TOP
REBAR
4
P2
DB16@150
(Short
direction)
16
11
1799
19792
1140
-1.6
BOTTOM
REBAR
5
P2
DB16@150
(Short
direction)
16
4
3220
12879
2040
-1.6
BOTTOM
REBAR
6
P2
DB16@150
(Long
direction)
16
11
789
8681
500
-1.6
TOP
MAIN
REBAR
7
P2
DB16@150
(Short
direction)
16
4
2210
8839
1400
-1.6
TOP
MAIN
REBAR
8
P2
DB16@150
(Short
direction)
16
11
789
8681
500
-1.6
BOTTOM
MAIN
REBAR
9
P2
DB16@150
(Short
direction)
16
4
2210
8839
1400
-1.6
BOTTOM
MAIN
REBAR
10
P2
DB12@150
(Long
direction)
12
4
1243
4972
1400
-1.6
SIDE
REBAR
11
P2
DB12@150
(Short
direction)
12
4
444
1776
500
-1.6
SIDE
REBAR
12
C(300x500)
14DB16
16
14
10212
142966
6470
-0.5
13
C(300x500)
DB10@150
10
35
916
32045
1485
-0.5
14
B(300x500)
DB16
(TOP
BAR)
16
5
26327
131633
16680
-0.5
15
B(300x500)
DB16
(BOTTOM
BAR)
16
3
26327
78980
16680
-0.5
16
B(300x500)
DB10
(SIDE
BAR)
12
2
14383
28765
16200
-0.5
17
B(300x500)
DB10@200
(STIRRUP)
10
78
191
14908
310
-0.5
18
B(300x500)
DB16
(SUPPORT)
16
2
3733
7466
2365
-0.5
19
B(300x500)
DB16
(MIDSPAN)
16
1
8586
8586
5440
-0.5
20
B(300x500)
DB16
(MIDSPAN)
16
2
9107
18214
5770
-0.5
21
C(300x400)
14DB16
(MAIN
BAR)
16
14
10212
142966
6470
+5.2
22
C(300x400)
DB10@150
16
35
2344
82034
1485
+5.2
23
Formwork
for
footing
18.6
m
2
24
Formwork
for
ground
beam
300x500
25.6
m
2
25
Formwork
for
ground
slab
490.2
m
2
THk.150
26
Formwork
for
beams
25.6
m
2
27
Formwork
for
columns
23.32
m
2
0.165
1.155
0.6228
0.45
No.
Type
of
material
other
Length
[mm]
Mass
[kg]
Location
Level
[m]
Quantity
Concrete
[m
3
]
Diameter
Total
mass
Figure
17:
BOM
of
RC

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IV. Conclusion
The structural of Gas station is a composite steel. There is section area of steel such as IPE
or IHE steel in the super-structure and pile cap concrete in the sub-structure. The connection is the
most important in design structure.