MAKAUT/SEM 1/ PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY/ UNIT 3/GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS_ACIDIFIERS BY KUNAL DATTA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR B.PHARM , M.PHARM NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY CHAKDAHA , NADIA

1. PT 103 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY(THEORY)
KUNAL DATTA
UNIT III : Gastrointestinal Agents
Acidifiers

2. Acidifiers

3. • Acidifiers or Acidifying Reagents are the
drugs which are able to increase the acidity
temporarily in GIT.
• In another words Acidifiers are inorganic
chemicals that either produce or become
acid.
• These chemicals increase the level of gastric
acid in the stomach when ingested, thus
decreasing the stomach pH.
• Systemic acidifiers given via injection
reduces the alkali accumulation in the body
and useful in reducing metabolic alkalosis.

4. Types Of Acidifiers
Mainly there are three types of acidifiers:
1.Gastric Acidifiers
2.Urinary Acidifiers
3.Systemic Acidifiers

5. Gastric Acidifiers
• Used in controlling acidic pH in stomach.

6. Urinary Acidifiers
• Used in controlling acidic pH in urine.

7. Systemic Acidifiers
• Used in controlling acidic pH of all parts of the
body.

8. Dilute Hydrochloric acid

9. Preparation
• It is prepared by adding 274 g of concentrated HCl
slowly into 726 g of purified water.
• Pungent odour
• Colorless liquid
• Fuming
• It reacts with metals and release hydrogen gas.

10. Assay
• Acid base titration reaction.
• An accurate amount about 4 g of HCl dissolved in
40 ml of water and titrated against 1 N NaOH
using methyl orange as an indicator.
• Neutralization reaction takes place.
• Methyl orange is yellow in alkali medium and it
changes to red in acid medium.

11. Uses
• It is used as an acidifier.

12. Storage
• It is stored in well closed containers.

13. Dose
• 0.6 to 8 ml

14. Ammonium Chloride

15. Preparation
• Ammonium chloride is prepared by commercial
method.
• Neutralization of Ammonia with HCl yields
Ammonium Chloride.
• The purification is done by sublimation process.

16. Properties
• Appearance :White solid, hygroscopic
• Odor: Odourless
• Taste: Cooling saline
• Density: 1.5274 g/cm3
• Melting point: 338 degree C (decomposes, sublimes)
• Solubility: free soluble in water and glycerol,
Sparingly soluble in alcohol.

17. Assay
• Acid base titration reaction.
• Dissolve 1.000 g of Ammonium chloride in 20 ml of
water and add a mixture of 5 ml of formaldehyde
solution, with few drops of phenolphthalein solution.
After 1 min to 2 min, titrate slowly with 1M sodium
hydroxide.
• Neutralization reaction takes place.
• End point is the appearance of pale permanent pink
color.

18. Assay
• Indicator is colorless in acid and pink in alkaline
medium.

19. Uses
 Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough
medicine.
 Ammonium salts are an irritant to the gastric mucosa and
may induce nausea and vomiting.
 Ammonium chloride is used as a systemic acidifying agent
in treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis.
 The main application of ammonium chloride is as a
nitrogen source in fertilizers.
 Ammonium chloride is used as a flux in preparing metals
to be tin coated, galvanized or soldered.

20. Storage
• It is stored in highly closed
containers.

21. Dose
1 to 2 gm (As systemic acidifier)
0.3 to 0.5 gm (Expectorant)

22. THANK YOU