43. Light microscopy Under polarized light
Under
compensated
polarized light
crystal parallel to
the axis of slow
variation
Under
compensated
polarized light
crystal parallel to
the axis of slow
variation
47. 世界痛風(gout)治療指引
1. Dutch College of General Practitioners
2. United Kingdom National Health service
3. European League against Rheumatism(EULAR)
4. British Society for Rheumatology(BSR)
5. Japanese Society of Gout and Nucleic acid
metabolism.
6. American College of Rheumatology(ACR)
7. Taiwan Guideline for the Management of Gout and
Hyperuricemia
67. Dear Dr Liu,
Thank you for your interest in our manuscript. I’m not sure about the
mechanism of diarrhoea in colchicine toxicity. This does seem to be dose related,
and the Terkeltaub 2010 trial showed that diarrhoea was much less frequent
with low dose colchicine. Regarding the colchicine dosing in the table, this
means that whichever situation is the longest duration, this is what is
recommended for the duration of colchicine prophylaxis. It may take more than
6 months for patients to get their serum urate to target, and for their tophi to
resolve, so for those patients, longer treatment with low dose colchicine may be
needed.
Kind regards,
Nicola Dalbeth
Nicola Dalbeth 2020/2/15秋水仙素引起腹瀉之機轉
76. Examples of tophus
76
The tophus is defined as
a draining or chalk-like
subcutaneous nodule
under transparent skin,
often with overlying
vascularity.
Neogi T, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Oct;67(10):2557-68.
痛風石:被定義:有液
體排出或粉筆樣皮下
結節、在透明皮膚下.
覆蓋著血管
108. Molecular structure: xanthine oxidase inhibitors
分子構造
• Febuxostat achieves its therapeutic effect of decreasing serum uric acid
(sUA) levels by selectively inhibiting xanthine oxidase
• Non-purine-based molecule: no oxypurinol-like metabolites
Febuxostat
O
CH3
CH3
S
N
CH3
O
OH
N
NH
N
N
OH
N
Allopurinol
NH
N N
N
Purine
131. Dear Shui-Shou,
Thank you for your email,
and congratulations to Taiwan for leading the
world in Covid19 control.
Regarding your questions, here are my
thoughts.
Kind regards,
Nicola Dalbeth
Nicola Dalbeth 2020/5/12
132. 1.Why the clinic pictures of first attack of gout in woman is
quite different to man. man--at first metatarophalangeal
joint, woman--at hand joints and multiple.
I’m not sure why this occurs. MSU crystals tend to affect
joints affected by OA, and it may be that crystallization
occurs more in the hands of post-menopausal women
due to concomitant OA. Women with gout also tend to
have more CKD, which can be associated with less
inflammatory presentations and more tophaceous
disease. Nicola Dalbeth 2020/5/12
女性痛風第一次發作關節位置與男性不 同
133. 2.There many studies hyperuricemia is a risk for cardiovascular
disease. In west specialists
do not suggested to give anti-gout agents for asymptomatic
hyperuricemia in spite of how high the serum uric acid. But in Japan,
in case of uric acid over 9 mg/dl. they advise
the lowering uric acid medicine.
I think there is still a lot of uncertainty whether HU is truly
driving CVD events, or whether this is a bystander. Clinical trials
to date don’t show a consistent benefit for CVD risk reduction
with ULT, and there are risks of therapy (including
hypersensitivity). For this reason, I wouldn’t use ULT in
asymptomatic HU, even if SU>9mg/dL.
無 症狀高尿酸血之治療:日本與西方國家不同
142. Dear Dr. David S.H.Bell
I am Dr. liu, a primary care physician in kaohsiung city of Taiwan. Thank
you very much for your excellent paper published in Diabetes Obes
Metab. 2019. I am very enjoyed and learn a lot from your thesis.
I would like to ask you a question about SGLT2 agonist treatment from
7.4.2 SGLT2
inhibitors on page 1282. I have not seen this term"SGLT2 receptor
agonist" from other papers. Dr E.W. Wright had mentioned that Na and
sugar transport By SGLT1 is referred to as secondary active transport
because the driving forces-Na gradient-are maintained by the primary
active Na/K pump, or Na/K-ATPase.(Journal of Internal
Medicine 2007;26:32-43).
I was supposed that SGLT2 has the same action. as I know that the
large molecular substance transport depend on receptor-mediated
endocytosis. The action of SGLT2 is a carrier protein, not through
endocytosis. I think that SGLT2 is not a receptor.
I am sorry to bother you. English is not my mother tongue. my English
144. Gout remains poorly treated: perennial problems
• (1). Lack of understanding of the disease
• process by both patients and physicians
•(2) lack of universal acceptance of established
• treatment guideline
•(3) lack of recognition that gout is a serious
• condition with real physical and social
• consequences
• Edwards Rheum Dis Clin N AM 2014;40:375-387
長期存在
145. 推薦論文
1. Delbeth et al. Gout. Lancet 2016;388:2039-52.
2. Richetta ea al. Gout. Lancet 2010;375:318-28
3. Neogi. Gout. N Engl Med 2011;364:443-52
4. Edwars et al. Emerging Therapies for Gout. Rheum
Dis Clin N AM 2014;40:375-87.
5. Delbeth et al. Mechnism of inflammation in gout
Rheumatism 2005;44:1090-96
6. Drewal et al. Febuxostat: drug review and update
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2014;10(5):747-58