This document summarizes the Poaceae and Amaranthaceae families. It describes key characteristics of Poaceae such as jointed stems, spikelet inflorescences, and the importance of members like rice and wheat. Rice is described in detail, including its morphology and floral diagram. Amaranthaceae is also summarized, noting its opposite or alternate leaves, racemose inflorescences, and importance as grain, potherb, and ornamental plants. Amaranthus spinosus is then characterized.

1. Presented to – dr. preeti khanduri
uniyal
Presented by – km. anamika uniyal
Class- m. sc.2nd sem
Subject- taxonomy of
angiosperms
Departmeent of botany ,pg
Families Poaceae and
amaranthaceae

2. Family poaceae
 Name ‘poaceae’ was given by john
hendly in 1895
 It was given on the basis of tribe
poeae
 The meaning of this word is fodder
 Also known as gramineae or grass
family
 Represented the fifth largest family

3. Vegetative characters
 Habit – annual, biennial,perennials,
herbs, shrubs, few woody
 Root –adventitious, fibrous ,stilt in
maize
 Stem - jointed , errect , creeping,
fistular(bamboo),hard and (maize),nodes
and internodes
 Leaf - simple, alternate, sessile, stipule
called ligule.

4. Floral characters
 Inflorescence- spikelets
 Flower - sesssile,unisexual or bisexual,
hypogynous, zygomorphic.
 Perianth- absent sometime ,sometime 2 or 3
lodicules are present
 androecium- 3stamens, sometime 6 in rice
 Gynoecium- monocarpellary,
syncarpous,suprior
 fruit- caryopsis
 Seed- endospermic

5. Important genera
1) Zea mays
2) Oryza sativa
3) Triticum aestivum
4) Pennisetum glaucum
5) Saccharaum officinarum
6) Bambusa bamboo
7) Cymbopogon citarus

6. Classification genus
(oryza)
 Kingdom – plantae
 Phylum angiosperm
 Class- monocotyledonae
 Order – poales
 family- poaceae
 12 subfamily
 Genus – oryza sativa

7. Oryza sativa ( rice- chawal)
 habit – annual herb, cultivated as annual
cereal in both tropical and temperature
regions
 root - the seminal or primary root and the
adventitious or secondary roots
 Stem - erect, cylindrical , hollow except at
nodes, 6 to 8mm, thick, nodes and internodes
conspicuos
 Leaf –they always emerge from the
nodesnoral leaf possesses the leaf sheath,
ligule, auricles and leaf blade

8. Floral characters
 Inflorescence- a terminal panicle, the
inflorescence borne on the peducle or on the
upper –most internodes
 spikelets - spikelets are either singly
 flower- bracteate, a large conspicuos bract,
the lemma
 Perianth- two broad, thick and fleshy lodicules
 androecium- six stamen , arranged in two
whorls
 Gynoecium- single carpel, ovary superior,
unilocular , longe than broad
 Fruit- a caryopsis

9. Floral diagram of oryza sativa

10. Importance of poaceae
 use as food
 members of this family are good source of
food, wheat, maize , rice , sugarcane etc
 Use as food of animals eg fodder for cattle and
sheeps etc oils are obtained
 Industrial uses - manufacturing of paper
 sugar is obtanied
 Biofuel production
 Medicinal- cymbopogon jwarancusa is used to
cure fever and flu

11. amaranthaceae
 Origin - south east asia
 Distribution - tropical, sub tropical and
temperate regions as
 Grain crops
 Potherbs
 ornaments
 dye plants
 There are about 64 genera and 800
species in this family

12. Vegetative & floral
characters
 Habit- the plant are herbs ,shurbs,annual or
perennial
 Leaves – oppositeor alternate, simple, entire,
exstipulate
 Inflorescence- racemose type
 Flower- minute and aaranged in dense fascicles eg.
Celosia cristata
 Perianth– dry, white or coloured , 4or 5 paeianth
leaves
 Androcium- 4or 5 stamens opposite the perianth
leaves

13. Classification of amaranthus(
genus)
Kingdom – plantae
Phylum- angiosperm
Class- monocotyledonae
 order- amarathales
Family- amaranthaceae

14. Amaranthus spinosus(
genera)
 habit- a spiny herb
 Root- tap and branched
 Stem – erect, aerial, branched,
herbaceous , terete, solid,
smooth, green
 leaf- cauline and ramal
,exsipulate, alternate, simple ,
petioate,ovate, entire, acute

15. Floral characters
inflorescence- spike
 Male flower- bracteate, bracteolate, sessile,
actinomorphic, unisexual, incomplete, staminate,spike
 Perianth- 5 tepals , polytepalous, quincuncial
aestivation, membranous .
 Androecium – 4-5 stamen , polyandrous, anteposed,
filament long .
 Gynoecium – absent
 Female flower- bracteate, bracteolate, sessile, unisexual,
incomplete,pistillate,actinomorphic, cyclic
perianth -5tepals,polytepalous,quincuncial, membranous
androecium- absent
Gynoecium – 2 carpels , syncarpous, ovary superior
Fruit- utricle

17. Importance of
amaranthaceae
 Few species are grown as ornamental plants
eg amaranthus blitum,
 Amaranthus spinosus eng- prickly amaranth
verna – katailchaulai this is spiny herb , the
ash of the leaves use in dyeing
 amaranthus caudatus , verna – ramdana this
is grown as a vegetable in north india . This is
grow as ornamental
 digera muricata , verna – latmohuria – this is
a herb , its tender twigs and inflorescences
are used as vegetable