Human resource development through vocational education for Thailand 4.0 by Usman Waji
Presented at Forum on the Human Resources Cooperation
The 6th Yunnan Conference on International Exchange of Professionals hosted by
Yunnan Provincial Committee of Communist Party of China
The People's Government of Yunnan Province
2. 摘要Abstract
• 全球化给教育和社会带来了挑战
• Globalization imposes a new challenge on education and society.
• 在支持工业发展4.0时,职业教育面临质量问题
• The vocational education has faced problems in terms of the quality to
support industrial 4.0 development.
• 泰国职业教育改革指南
• Thai Vocational education reform guidelines
o 更多的教育机会以及教育融合
o More opportunities and Inclusive in education
o 双向职业教育
o Dual Vocational Education
o 国际职业教育
o International Vocational Training
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3. 关键词Keywords
• 人力资源发展
• Human Resource Development
• 职业教育
• Vocational Education
• 双向职业教育
• Dual Vocational Education
• 泰国4.0模式
• Thailand 4.0
• 国家二十年发展规划
• 20-Year National Strategy
• 东部经济走廊EEC
• The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)
• 一带一路
• Belt and Road initiative
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5. 泰国4.0模式 Thailand 4.0
• 泰国1.0模式以农业为主:种植和养殖
• Thailand 1.0 was the agriculture: farming and livestock
• 泰国2.0模式以轻工业为主:制衣、制包、饮料、文具和装饰品。
• Thailand 2.0 was the light manufacturing: clothing, bags, beverages,
stationery, and ornaments.
• 泰国3.0模式以重工制造业为主,例如钢铁、汽车和天然气
• Thailand 3.0 is manufacturing heavy commodities
such as steel, vehicles, and natural gas
• 泰国4.0是基于创新、创意、高质量服务和新科技的经济模式。聚焦于十项S-型目
标产业。
• Thailand 4.0 is an economic model built on innovation, creativity, high-
quality services, and new technology. Focus on 10 targeted s-curved
industries
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6. 泰国4.0模式 Thailand 4.0
• 泰国仍旧处于“中产陷阱”中
• Thailand remains stuck in ‘the middle income trap’
o 低收入
o low investment
o 增速慢
o weak growth
o 产业细分有限
o limited industry diversification
o 劳动力市场环境欠佳
o unfavorable labor market circumstances.
• 新冠疫情带来的影响
• The impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
o 旅游业遭到重创
o The tourism sector is heavily affected
o 青年失业率达到历史新高
o Youth unemployment rate reached an all-time high
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9. 十类S-型产业
10 targeted s-curved industries
• 1. 5个首选S-型产业:新型汽车,智能家电,农业和生物技术,
食品加工,旅游
• 1. 5 First S-Curve industries: Next-Generation Automotive,
Smart Electronics, Agriculture and Biotechnology, Food
Processing and Tourism
• 2. 5个新S-型产业:电子,机器人技术和自动化,航空和物流,
生物燃料和生物化工,医疗枢纽
• 2. 5 New S-Curve industries: Digital, Robotics and
Automation, Aviation and Logistics, Biofuel and
Biochemical and Medical Hub
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10. 东部经济走廊
The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)
• 东部经济走廊EEC发展计划是泰国4.0战略的组成部分,其
目的是重新激发和加强著名的东部海岸发展计划,后者对
泰国成为工业制造中心提供了超过三十年的支持。
• The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) Development
Plan is part of Thailand 4.0 strategy, and aims to
revitalize and enhance the well-known Eastern
Seaboard Development Program, which has
supported Thailand as a powerhouse for industrial
production for more than 30 years.
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12. 20年国家战略
20-Year National Strategy
• 实现可持续发展目标的国家计划
• A national plan that will function as the country's
objective for sustainable national growth
• 愿景是 “以自给自足经济哲学的基础上,成为安全、富
裕以及具有可持续性的发达国家”。
• Vision of becoming " developed country with
security, prosperity, and sustainability based on the
Sufficiency Economy Philosophy,"
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14. 泰国发展现状和未来的方向
Current Situations and Future Direction of Thailand’s
Development
• 泰国正在经历着剧变,部分因素制约着国家发展
• Thailand has been undergoing rapid changes,
a number of obstacles limiting national growth
o aging population 人口老龄化
o economic inequality 经济不公
o disruptive technology 科技混乱
o international relations 国际关系
o connectivity 通联和交流
o climate change 气候变化
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15. 发展和增强人类资本的策略
The Strategy for Human Capital Development and
Strengthening
• 1. 变革社会价值观和文化
• Transforming social values and culture
• 2. 实现人在生命所有阶段的发展
• Promoting human development at all stages of life
• 3. 改善学习流程以拥抱变化
• Improving learning processes to accommodate changes
• 4. 实现多元智能
• Realizing multiple intelligences
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16. 发展和增强人类资本的策略
The Strategy for Human Capital evelopment and
Strengthening
• 5. 提升福祉
• Enhancing well-being
• 6. 创造鼓励人类发展的环境
• Promoting conditions that encourage human
development
• 7. 增强运动能力
• Strengthen capacity of sports
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17. 泰国职业教育一瞥
Overview of Thai Vocational Education
• 2008年的职业教育法令第四条将职业教育定义为:在技能、技
术和科技层面产生和发展人力的教育过程。
• Section 4 of the Vocational Education Act of B.E. 2551
(2008) defines "vocational education” as
the educational process that produces and develops
manpower at the skilled, technical, and technology
levels.
• 教育部职业教育委员会负责公立教育机构的职业教育管理。
• The Office of Vocational Education Commission, Ministry
of Education, is responsible for the management of
vocational education in public educational institutions.
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19. 职业教育分级
Level of Vocational Education
• - 高中,完成后获得职业教育低段学位
• Upper secondary, leading to a degree of
occupational education at the lower level
• - 高等教育,完成后获得职业教育文凭或者大专学位
Postsecondary, leading to a vocational education
diploma or associate's degree
• - 大学教育,累计完成后获得科技类本科学位
• A higher level of education, culminating in a
bachelor's degree in technology
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20. 泰国职业教育面临的挑战
The challenge of Thai vocational education
• 由于职业教育在学生的负面形象,他们中有许多人不愿意选择职业
教育
• An unattractive alternative for many students in Thailand,
due to a negative image among students
• 系统复杂,且发展路径有限
• A complicated system, and limited development options
• 技能培养不符合现代劳动力市场的需求
• Skills mismatch with modern labor market needs
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21. 如何改善泰国的职业教育?
How Can Thailand's Vocational Education Be Improved?
• 提供更多机会,更加包容的教育机制
• More Opportunities and more inclusive education
• 泰国的双向职业教育系统应该得以加强
• Thailand's dual vocational education system should
be strengthened
• 更多的国际职业培训和实习机会
• More International Vocational Training and
Internship Opportunities
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22. • 提供更多机会,更加包容的教育机制
• More Opportunities and more inclusive education
o 根据联合国教科文组织的报告,职业教育和高等教育之间的联通路径缺失是年轻
人不愿意选择职业教育的主要原因。
o according to a report by UNESCO, the lack of paths between vocational
education and post-secondary education is the main reason that made
vocational education not popular among young people
o 技术人员和手工劳动者的技术短缺
o skills shortages among technicians and craftsmen
o 高等教育毕业学生的就业情况不佳
o poor employment results for graduates of higher education
o 成人终生学习
o Life-long learning for adult
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23. • 泰国的双向职业教育系统应该得以加强
• Thailand's dual vocational education system should
be strengthened
o 双向职业教育能够培养出合格、毕业后能够立即就业的毕业生
o dual vocational education can create qualified graduates who are
instantly employable upon graduation.
o 真实的学习效果测评和评估基于来源于实际操作的数据
o authentic measurement and assessment of learning are based on data
from authentic tasks
o 必需建立一个双向职业教育基金
o it is essential to establish a Dual Vocational Fund
• 1) 从私人部门筹募资金,用于双向职业教育教学和学习方面的辅助投资
• assisting in investing in teaching and learning in a dual vocational
system by gathering money for the fund from private sector
2) 作为中间机构,在双向职业教育系统中进行协助和匹配
• assisting as an intermediary organization in assisting and matching in
managing the dual vocational education system
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24. • 更多的国际职业培训和实习机会
• More International Vocational Training and Internship
Opportunities
o 在发达工业化国家、东部经济走廊和一带一路相关项目中的培训和实习机会
o more opportunities for training and internships in advance industrial countries,
EEC and Belt & Road related projects
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25. 结论
Conclusion
• 在市场竞争力和生产创新方面,泰国企业正竭尽全力满足市场要求。
• Thai enterprises are struggling to stay up with market demands
in terms of market competitiveness and product innovation.
• 教育机构面临培养合格毕业生的压力。
• Educational institutions are under pressure to produce
qualified graduates.
• 职业教育是实现学生成长的有效途径。通过教育合作项目,学生有机
会获得实际工作机会和经验,并且能够实现从学校到工作岗位的有效
转换。
• Vocational education is an effective method of educating
students. Through the cooperative education program,
students have the opportunity to get actual and practical
work experience, assists students in making an efficient
transition from school to work.
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