This document provides an overview of 21 CFR Parts 210 and 211, which establish current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) for manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding of drugs. It discusses the scope and applicability of the regulations, key definitions, and the general requirements for facilities, equipment, components, production and process controls, packaging and labeling, and quality control. The goal of the regulations is to ensure uniform quality standards are met without specifying exactly how to achieve them.
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kirti shukla gmp (United state Food and Drug Administration)
1. 21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
current Good Manufacturing
Practice
An Overview of the FDA Regulations
1
2. • CFR – Code of Federal Regulations
(administrative law)
– 50 titles
• Title21– FoodandDrugs
– 1– 1499 Parts
»210 c GMP in Manufacturing, Processing,
Packaging or holding drugs –General
»211 c GMP of Finished Pharmaceuticals
INTRODUCTION
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
3. 1. Status of the regulations
– Regulationssetforthare“minimum”requirements!!!!
– Coversmanufacturing,facilitiesandcontrolsfor
• Manufacturing,processing,packagingorholdingof a
drug product
– Failuretocomplywillrenderthedrugtobe adulterated
• Thepersonwhoisresponsibleforthefailuretocomply
shallbesubjecttoregulatoryaction
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
PART 210 GENERAL
5. PART 210 GENERAL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
3. Definitions
• Batch
– Aspecificquantityof drug/materialintendedtohave
uniformcharacterandqualityproducedunderasingle
manufacturingorderformduringthesamecycleof
manufacture.
• Component
– AnyingredientintendedforuseINCLUDINGthose
thatmaynotappearinsuchdrugproduct
6. • Drug Product
– Finisheddosage form
• Fiber
– Anyparticulatewithalengthatleast3timestoits
width
• Active ingredient
– Anycomponentintendedtofurnishpharmacological
activity
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
PART 210 GENERAL
8. • Manufacture,processing,packingorholding includes
– Packagingandlabeling,testingandqualitycontrolof
drug products
• QualityControl
– Anypersonorunitdesignatedbythefirmtobe
responsiblefordutiesrelatingto QC
• RepresentativeSample
– Samplesdrawnonrationalcriteriaintendedto
accuratelyportraythematerial beingsampled
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
PART 210 GENERAL
9. • Thereare11 subchapters
– IdentifiedbylettersfromAthroughK
• Coversallsectionsof operations
• Designedtobeallencompassing(general)– DON’T
expecttoomanyspecifics
• Thegoalistotell you
WHAT TO DO, NOT HOW TO DO it!
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
PART 211
10. SUB-PART 'A' – GENERAL
PROVISIONS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.1- Scope
211.3- Definitions
12. SUBPART B – ORGANISATION &
PERSONNEL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.22- Responsibilitiesof qualitycontrolunit
211.25- Personnelqualifications
211.28- Personnelresponsibilities
211.34- Consultants.
13. SUB-PART B – ORGANISATION &
PERSONNEL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.22- Responsibilitiesof qualitycontrolunit
• TheQC unitshallhaveadequatelaboratory facilities
• Theyshallhavetheresponsibility for
approving/rejecting allproceduresorspecifications
impactingthequalityof thedrug product
• Responsibilitiesshallbeinwritingandshallbe followed.
14. 21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.25- Personnelqualifications
• Everyoneshallhavetheeducation,trainingand
experiencetodotheir jobs.
• Everyonewhosupervisesthosepeopleshallhavethe
education,trainingandexperiencetoassignfunctionsto
provideassurancefordrugquality.
• Thereshallbeanadequatenumberof qualified
personnel.
SUB-PART B – ORGANISATION &
PERSONNEL
SUB-PART B – ORGANISATION &
PERSONNEL
15. SUB-PART B – ORGANISATION &
PERSONNEL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.28- Personnelresponsibilities
Wearcleanclothingandprotectiveapparel
Practicegoodsanitationandhealthhabits
Limitedaccessareas
If youaresick– doyoubelonginthearea?
16. SUBPART B – ORGANISATION &
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
PERSONNEL
211.34- Consultants.
Shall have sufficient education, training
and experiencetoadviseonthesubjectmatter.
Records maintained stating the name, address
and qualificationsofconsultants.
18. SUB-PART ‘C' – BUILDINGS AND
FACULTIES
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.42 - Design and construction features
Anybuildingshallbemaintainedtofacilitatecleaning,
maintenanceandproperoperations
Adequate space
Operationsperformedindefinedareas
Receipt,storage,holding, etc.
All operations
Penicillinoperationsinseparatearea
19. 211.44 Lighting
- Adequatelightingprovided
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
46. Ventilation
- Adequate ventilation
- Adequateequipmentforcontrolof environment
(micro,dust, air-pressure)
- Airfiltration provided
SUB-PART 'C' – BUILDINGS AND
FACILITIES
20. SUB-PART 'C' – BUILDINGS AND
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
FACILITIES
48. Plumbing
Potablewatersuppliedundercontinuouspositive
pressure
Systemfreeofdefects
PotablewatermeetingEPA requirements(40CFR, Part
141)
Drainsof adequate size
Back-flowprevention
21. SUB-PART 'C' – BUILDINGS AND
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
FACILITIES
211.50 Sewage and Refuse
Disposeof trash,sewageandotherrefuseinasafeand
sanitary manner
52. Washing and toilet facilities
Adequatewashingfacilitiesshallbeprovided
Hotandcoldpotablewater
Soapand detergent
Airdryersorsingle-service towels
Easyaccesstoworkingareas
23. SUB-PART 'D' – EQUIPMENT
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.63- Equipmentdesign,size, and
location
211.65- Equipment construction
211.67- Equipmentcleaning and
maintenance
211.68- Automatic,mechanical,and
electronic equipment
211.72- Filters
24. 21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.63 Equipment design, size and location
Equipmentshallbeof appropriatedesign,adequate
sizeandsuitablylocatedtofacilitateoperations,
cleaningandmaintenance
65. Equipment construction
Equipmentmaterialof constructionnotbereactivewith
product.
Lubricants/coolantsshallnotcomeintocontactwith
producttoalterthequalityof the product
SUB-PART 'D' – EQUIPMENT
25. SUB-PART 'D' – EQUIPMENT
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
67. Equipment cleaning and maintenance
Equipmentandutensilsshallbecleaned,maintained
andsanitizedtopreventmalfunctionsand
contamination
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedforcleaning
andmaintenanceof equipment,utensils.
Recordsshallbekeptof maintenance,cleaning,
sanitizingand inspection.
26. SUB-PART 'D' – EQUIPMENT
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
68.Automatic Mechanical ,EQUPMENT Electronic
computers,etc.usedinthemanufacturingareashallbe
routinelycalibrated,checkedandinspectedasper written
procedurewithretainedrecordsof calibrations, inspections,
etc.
Computerssystemsdocumentationandvalidation
documentationshallbemaintained.
Computersystemselectronicrecordsmustbe controlled
includingrecordsretention,backup,and security.
27. SUB-PART 'D' – EQUIPMENT
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
72. Filters
Shallnotreleasefibersintodrugproducts
– If fiberreleasingfiltersare necessary
• Additionalfilteringusing0.22micronmaxporosity
• 0.45if manufacturingconditionssodictate
– Useof asbestos-containingfilterisallowedonlyafter
provingtoFDA safetyoreffectivenessisnot
compromised
28. SUB-PART 'E' – CONTROL OF COMPONENTS AND DRUG
PRODUCT CONTAINERS AND Closures
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.80–genralrequirments.
211.82- Receiptandstorageof untestedcomponents,
drugproductcontainers, andclosures.
211.84- Testingandapprovalorrejectionof components,
drugproductcontainers, andclosures.
211.86- Useof approvedcomponents,drugproduct
containers,and closures.
211.87- Retestingof approvedcomponents,drug
productcontainers,andclosures.
211.89- Rejectedcomponents,drugproduct
containers,and closures.
211.94- Drugproductcontainersandclosures.
29. SUB-PART 'E' – CONTROL OF COMPONENTS AND DRUG
PRODUCT CONTAINERS AND Closures
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
GENRALREQUIRMENTS…
80. Writtenproceduresshallbemadeandfollowedfor
receipt,sampling,approval, rejection.
Handleandstoreinamannertoprevent contamination
Baggedorboxeditemsshallbestoredoff of thefloor
andbeadequatelyspaceforcleaningand inspection
EachLot/containershallbeidentifiedwithcodefor
eachlotreceivedandstatus(quarantined,approved,
rejected).
30. SUB-PART 'E' – CONTROL OF COMPONENTS AND DRUG
PRODUCT CONTAINERS AND Closures
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
82. RECIPT AND STORAGE
Shallbeexaminedvisuallyforappropriatelabelingas
tocontents,containerdamage/sealsbroken,
contamination,etcuponreceipt.
Materialsshallbequarantineduntiltestedand
released.
31. SUB-PART 'E' – CONTROL OF COMPONENTS AND DRUG
PRODUCT CONTAINERS AND Closures
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
84. TESTINGANDAPPROVAL/REJECTION
Materialsshallbewithheldfromuseuntiltestedand
releasedforusebyQuality Control.
Fromeachlotshallbesampleduponappropriate
statisticalcriteria.
Samplescollection
Cleanthecontainerif necessary
Collectthesamplesindesignatedareatoprevent
contamination
Samplesshallbeidentifiedwithlot#,date,anddone
by, etc.
Containersmustshowsamplesweretaken
32. SUB-PART 'E' – CONTROL OF COMPONENTS AND DRUG
PRODUCT CONTAINERS AND Closures
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
Samplesshallbetestedoratleastoneidentification
test.
COA of manufacturershallbeacceptableprovidedby
atleastonespecificidentificationtestbyestablishing
vendorevaluation.
Anylotthatdoesnotmeetthespecificationsshallbe
rejected.
33. SUB-PART 'E' – CONTROL OF COMPONENTS AND DRUG
PRODUCT CONTAINERS AND Closures
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
86. Use of approved components
Materialsshallbeused/issuedin FIFO.
Deviation of FIFO shall be permitted, if temporary
an
d appropriate.
87. Retesting
Materialsshallberetestedafterstoringalongtime
mightbehaveadverseaffectonqualitydueto
exposuretoair,heatetc.
211.89 Rejected materials
Rejectedmaterialsshallbestoredunderdesignated
areatopreventtheuseformanufacturing.
34. SUB-PART 'E' – CONTROL OF COMPONENTS AND DRUG
PRODUCT CONTAINERS AND Closures
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
94. Drug product containersand closures
Provideprotectionfromexternalfactorsthatcould
contaminateordeterioratedrug
Shallnotbereactive,additiveorabsorptiveasto
adverselyeffect product
Cleanandsuitablefor use
Specificationandtestmethodsshallbewrittenand
followed.
35. 21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.100- Writtenprocedures;deviations
211.101- Charge-inof components
211.103- Calculationof yield
211.105- Equipmentidentification
211.110- Samplingandtestingof in-process
materialsanddrugproducts
211.111- Timelimitationson production
211.113- Controlof microbiological
contamination
211.115- Reprocessing
SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
36. 100. Written procedures; deviations
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedandfollowed
forProduction(BMR) andprocesscontrols(in-process,
Intermediate spec.)
Processcontrolfunctionsshallberecordedatthetime
of performance.
Anydeviationfromtheestablishedprocedureshallbe
recordedand justified.
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
37. SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.101 Charge-in of components
Eachbatchformulationshouldattempttomake100%of
specifiedactive ingredient
Componentsformanufacturingshallbeweighed,
measured,orsubdividedasappropriateandshouldbe
verifiedbysecond person.
QC released/approved
Weight/measurementiscorrectperbatch record
Containersareproperly identified
38. SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
Whenacomponentistransferredtoanon-original
container,itshallindicate
– Name,item code
– Receiving/controlnumber
– Weight/measurementinnewcontainer
– Batchforwhichcomponentwasissuedincluding
name,strengthandlotnumber
Eachcomponentaddedtothebatchshallbeverifiedby
thesecondperson.
39. SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.103 Calculation of yield
Actualyieldsandpercentagesof theoreticalyieldshall
bedeterminedattheconclusionof eachstageof
manufacturing,processing,packaging,orholdingof the
drug product.
Suchcalculationsshalleitherbeperformedbyone
person and independentlyverified by a second person.
40. SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.105 Equipment identification
Storagecontainers,processinglines,andmajor
equipmentusedduringtheproductionshallbeproperly
identified.
Major equipment shall be identified by number or code
thatshall be recorded in the batchproduction record to
showthespecificequipmentused.
41. 211.110 Sampling and testing of in-process
materials….
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
Inprocessofspecificationsshallbeconsistentwithfinal
specifications
In-processmaterialstestedforID, quality,strengthand
purityandbeacceptedorrejectedbyQC
Rejectedmaterialshallbequarantinedinorderto
preventusein manufacturing
42. SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.111 Time limitations on production
Whenappropriate,timelimitsforthecompletionof each
phaseof productionshallbeestablishedtoassurethe
qualityof theproduct.
Deviationfromestablishedtimelimitsmaybe
acceptableif suchdeviationdoesnotcompromisethe
qualityof thedrugproduct.Suchdeviationshallbe
justifiedanddocumented.
43. SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.113 Control of microbiological contamination
Written procedures shall be established and followed to
prevent objectionable microorganisms in drug products
of non-sterile.
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedandfollowedto
preventmicrobiologicalcontaminationintosteriledrug
products.
Suchproceduresshallincludevalidation.
44. SUB-PART 'F' – PRODUCTION & PROCESS
CONTROLS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.115 Reprocessing
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedfor
reprocessingthebatchesthatdonotconformto
standardsor specifications.
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedforthestepsto
betakentoinsurethatthereprocessedbatcheswithwill
conformallestablishedstandards,specifications,and
characteristics.
Reprocessingshallnotbeperformedwithoutthereview
andapprovalbythequality unit.
45. SUB-PART 'G' – PACKAGING AND LABELING
CONTROL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.122Materialsexaminationandusagecriteria
211.125Labeling issuance
211.130Packagingandlabelingoperations
211.132Tamper-resistantpackaging
requirementsforOTC humandrug products
211.134Drugproduct inspection
211.137Expiration dating
46. SUBPART G – PACKAGING AND LABELING
CONTROL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.122 Materials examination and usage criteria
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedandfollowedfor
receipt,identification,storage,handling,sampling,testingof
Labelingandpackaging materials
Materialsnotmeetingspecificationsshouldbe rejected.
Recordsshouldbemaintainedwiththedetailsof receipt,
examinationandapproved/rejected
Labelsshouldbestoredseparatelyforeachproductand
accesswillbelimitedtoauthorized personnel
47. SUB-PART 'G' – PACKAGING AND LABELING
CONTROL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
Obsoleteandoutdatedlabelsshallbe destroyed
Visualinspectionshallbedoneforcorrectlabelingduringor
aftercompletionof finishingoperationsshallbeperformed
byonepersonandindependentlyverifiedbyasecond
person.
48. SUB-PART 'G' – PACKAGING AND LABELING
CONTROL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.125 Labeling issuance
Strictcontrolshallbeexercisedoverlabelingissuedforuse
Compareissuedmaterialstomaster
Reconciliationof labelsshouldbe maintain
Allexcesslabelingbearinglotorcontrolnumbersshallbe
destroyed
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedandfollowedforthe
issuanceoflabeling
Returnedmaterialsshallbestoredseparatelytoprevent
mix-ups
49. SUB-PART 'G' – PACKAGING AND LABELING
CONTROL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.130 Packaging and labeling operations
Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedandfollowedfor
PackagingandLabelingoperations,procedureshallcoverthe
following
Preventionof mix-ups &contamination
Identificationandhandlingof setasidefilledbutunlabeled
product.
Identification of thedrug product witha lotor control
Examinationof packagingandlabelingmaterialsfor
suitabilityandcorrectnessbeforepackaging operations
Inspectionof packagingandlabelingfacilitiestoensurethe
previousproductsareremovedand cleaned
50. SUB-PART 'G' – PACKAGING AND LABELING
CONTROL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.134 Drug product inspection
Packagedandlabeledproductshouldbefinalinspectedto
assurecorrect labeling
Asamplingof unitsshallbecollectedandinspectedforcorrect
labeling
Resultsof inspectionshallberecordedinbatchrecord
51. SUB-PART 'G' – PACKAGING AND LABELING
CONTROL
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.137 Expiration dating
Expirationdateshouldbedeterminedbystabilitytesting
Labelshallbereflectthestorageconditiondeterminedby
stability testing
Expirationdateshallbebearonlabelfortheproductstobe
reconstitutedandun-reconstituted
Expirationdatesmustbereflecton labeling
52. SUB-PART 'H'– HOLDING AN DISTRIBUTION
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.142- Warehousing procedures
211.150- Distributionprocedures
53. SUB-PART 'H' – HOLDING AND DISTRIBUTION
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.142 Warehousing procedures
Quarantineof drugproductsbeforereleasebythequalitycontrol
unit
Storageof drugproductsunderappropriateconditionswhich
maynotaffectthe quality/strength
211.150 Distribution procedures
Oldestproductsaredistributedfirst.
Deviationispermittedif itistemporaryandappropriate
Distributionrecordsshouldbemaintaintofacilitaterecallif
required/necessary.
60. SUB-PART 'J' – RECORDS AND REPORTS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.180- General requirements
211.182- Equipmentcleaninganduselog
211.184- Component,drugproductcontainer,
closure,andlabeling records
211.186- Masterproductionandcontrol
records
211.188- Batchproductionandcontrolrecords
211.192- Productionrecord review
211.194- Laboratoryrecords
211.196- Distributionrecords
211.198- Complaintfiles
61. 211.180 General Requirements
Recordsshallberetainedforatleast1yearaftertheexpiration
date
Allrecordsorcopiesof suchrecordsshallbereadilyavailable
for review/inspection
Productqualityreviewshouldbeperformedonceina year
Proceduresshouldbeestablishedtoassurethatmanagement
are notified of investigations,recallsand FDA issues
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
SUB-PART 'J‘ – RECORDS AND REPORTS
62. SUB-PART 'J' – RECORDS AND REPORTS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.182 Equipment cleaning and use log
Equipmentusagerecordsshouldbe maintain.
211.184 Container, closure, and labeling records
Recordsshallbemaintain,including
Suppliernameandlotnumber
Dateof receipt
Approved/Rejected
Labelshallbecomparedwith master
63. 211.186 Master production and control records
Masterproductionandcontrolrecordsshallbemaintain
Madebyonepersonandcheckedbyanother(prepared,dated,
signed– full signature)
Completelistofcomponents
Accuratestatementof weights,reasonable variations
Theoreticalreconciliation
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
SUB-PART 'J' – RECORDS AND REPORTS
64. 211.188 Batch production and control records
Batchproductionandcontrolrecordsshallbemaintain,includes
Operationdates&Equipmentsused
Listof materialsandquantities
In-processresults
Actualyield&Theoreticalyield
Deviations
Doneby&Checkedby sign
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
SUB-PART 'J' – RECORDS AND REPORTS
65. 211.192 Production record review
Batchrecordsincludingpackagingandlabeling,shallbe
reviewedandapprovedpriorto release.
If anybatchfailedtomeetthespecificationsshallbe
investigatedand recorded.
Theinvestigationshallextendtootherbatches… thatmayhave
beenassociatedwiththespecificfailureor discrepancy
Awrittenrecordof theinvestigationshallbemadeandshall
includetheconclusionsand follow-up.
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
SUB-PART 'J'– RECORDS AND REPORTS
66. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
Descriptionof samplereceived
Statementof eachmethod
Completerecordof alldata– graphs,charts
Initialsof persondoingtestand dates
Initialsof personcheckinganddates
Calibrationdata maintained
Stabilityrecords maintained
211.194 Laboratory records
Labrecordsincludecompletedatafromalltests
SUB-PART 'J' – RECORDS AND REPORTS
67. SUB-PART J – RECORDS AND REPORTS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.196 Distribution records
Distributionrecordsshallbemaintained
– Who, where,what,quantity
211.198 Compliant files
Complaintfilesshallbemaintained
– Investigationsperformed
- Includenameof product,lotnumber,nameof
complainant,natureof complaint,reply
68. 211.204- Returneddrug products
211.208- Drugproduct salvaging
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
SUB-PART ‘K'– RETURNED AND SALVAGED DRUG
PRODUCTS
69. SUB-PART 'K' – RETURNED AND SALVAGED DRUG
PRODUCTS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.204 Returned drug products
Returnedproductsidentifiedandheld
If conditionsof returnorstorageareindoubt,
investigationiswarranted
Proceduresshallbeinwriting
70. SUB-PART 'K' – RETURNED AND SALVAGED DRUG
PRODUCTS
21 CFR, Part 210 and 211
211.208 Drug product salvaging
Productsubjectedtoimproperstorageconditionsdue
todisasteroraccidentshallnotbesalvaged
Unless,
Testscanshoweverythingis OK
Evaluationof conditionsindicatesproductwasnot
exposedtosuchharshconditions