This document outlines guidelines for an effective speech, including the main components and functions of speeches. It discusses planning the speech by including an introduction, body, and conclusion. The body should be well-organized around a specific mode and use transitional phrases. The conclusion should summarize main points and bring closure. Proper preparation is also emphasized, such as rehearsing, timing the speech, and checking any visual aids or technology. Nonverbal behavior and eye contact during the speech are important. Evaluation after can help speakers improve.

2. There are four (4) MAIN functions of speeches:
(1) to inform
(2) to persuade
(3) to inspire/motivate
(4) to entertain

3. It is important to PLAN your speech, no matter
how short it is supposed to be.

4. Just like an essay, a speech should have these
three components:
(1) An introduction
(2) A body
(3) A conclusion

5. There are many ways to begin a speech. These
include:
(1) Making a humorous observation
(2) Using an inspiring quotation

6. (3) Sharing a personal story
(4) Asking an interesting question
(5) Making a shocking statement

7. (6) Using an engaging and relevant anecdote
(a short story about a specific incident or event)

8. (7) Defining relevant terms

9. The body of a speech should be well-
organised, just like that of an essay. Therefore,
you should:
(1) Choose a specific mode of organisation (e.g.
cause and effect/problem and solution)
(2) Use transitional words and phrases to link
ideas

10. The conclusion should summarise the main
points of your speech and bring closure to your
listeners.

11. A good conclusion may include:
(1) A solution/recommendation where the
problem is concerned
(1) A suggestion to the audience to do their part
to solve the issue

12. It is extremely important to do the following
BEFORE delivering a speech:
(1) Rehearse
(2) Time the speech
(3) Check that all devices that you plan to use
are working correctly

13. During the speech, your audience will be aware
of your non-verbal behaviour. Therefore, it is
important to:
(1) Make eye contact with your audience
(2) Control your nerves to avoid restless and
distracting body movements

14. If you are incorporating a video/any visual aid
into your presentation, explain to the audience
how it is relevant to your point.

15. Do not apologise if you make an error/forget
part of your speech. Your audience may not
even notice.
Do not thank the audience at the end of the
speech. Your speech is a gift to the audience.

16. If you are using a PowerPoint presentation, do
not use more than six (6) lines per slide.
Use an average of six (6) words per line.

17. Avoid using too many colourful graphics and
designs in your visual aids and PowerPoint
presentations.

18. Evaluate your strengths and weaknesses; this
helps you to improve and to help other public
speakers.