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Lesson 4
完了形
Perfective
Grammar 完了形 perfect forms
★過去分詞形 覚えていますか
★ふわっとした理解を確実なものにしよう
過去完了? 未来完了? 大過去??
鍵となる概念ーhave空間
Haveー核の意味
「Aが何かBを自分のhave空間の中に所有する」
①ものをもつ ②経験をもつ という二つの
意味
1) I have a sister. 2) You have freedom.
3) Do you have the time?
4) I had a walk. 5) I have a cold.
6) Have a good time.
②経験をもつ が
完了形の考え方に
つながる
完了形の3つの意味(おさらい)
1. 完了・結果
I have just heard the news.
2. 経験
I have met Judy’s brother twice.
3. 状態の継続
She has lived in Paris for three years.
意味は副詞(副詞節)で見分け
る
現在完了形ー基本イメージ
「過去の出来事が現時点まで影響を持つ」
焦点は現在。現在に向かって「迫ってくる」
Geez! He has spilled his coffee!
He spilled his coffee yesterday.
現在完了 例題1(教科書p.27)
1) We (already, eat) lunch.
2) I (meet) her before.
3) My brother (just, finished) his
homework
4) My grand father (live) with us since I
was seven.
現在完了 例題(教科書p.27)
5) I (ride) a horse twice.
6) She (know) him for four years.
現在完了進行形 have been ~ing
「現在への焦点」+「躍動感」
「現在のこの時点までず~っとし続けて
いる」
He has been watching TV since this
morning.
例題 3 (教科書p.28)
1) 彼女はちょうどマラソンでゴールしたとこ
ろだ。(finish)
She ( ) ( ) ( ) the
marathon.
2) ボブとトムは今朝からずっとテニスをして
いる。
Bob and Tom ( ) ( ) ( ) tennis since
this morning.
例題 3 (教科書p.28)
3) 私は三年間ずっとそのダンスチームに所属
している。
I ( ) ( ) ( ) the dance team for
three years.
4) クリスは1時間ずっと部屋を掃除している。
Chris ( ) ( )( ) his room for an
hour.
現在完了と一緒に使えない語句
「過去のある時点を表す語句」
last week, yesterday, ~ago, When~?
→現在完了は「現在まで影響が続いている」
表現なので、過去のある一点を示すものとは一
緒に使えない
I haven’t seen him lately.
I received a letter six month ago.
例題2 (教科書p.27)
1) The singer (come) to Japan two years ago.
2) I (not, send) the letter to him yet.
3) Meg (receive) an email from her cousin last
night.
5) Paul (play) baseball when he was in junior
high school.
過去完了形 had + P.P
「迫ってくる」+「過去のある時点」
「その時までにある出来事が起こっている」
The party had already started when we arrived.
She had lived in Paris for three years before she
came to Japan.
例題1 (教科書p.29)
1) My father told a silly joke, but I (hear) it
before.
2) The train (already, leave) when I arrived at
the station.
3) We (be) worried about him until he showed
up.
例題1 (教科書p.29)
4) I (never, send) a letter to a foreign country
before I wrote to him.
5) He (just, finish) his dinner when she came
home.
過去完了進行形 had been ~ing
「過去のある時点までに」+「躍動感」
We had been playing soccer for an hour when it
started rain.
雨が降り出した時には一時間ずっとサッカー
をしていた。
例題2 教科書p.29
1) Sam ( )( )( )the video
game for two hours when his mother
came back.
2) We ( )( )( )for four hours
when we reached the top of the
mountain.
3) I ( ) ( ) ( ) to live classical
music until I went to the concert
4) They ( ) ( ) each other for five
years when they got married.
大過去
過去の出来事を二つ述べたい
時間の前後関係を示すために過去完了を使う
I heard that Fred had returned to Canada.
I lost my pen which I had bought.
未来完了形 will have P.P
「未来のある時点に」+「迫っていく」
「~時には~してしまっているだろう」
The party will have started by the time we arrive.
I’ll have seen the movie three times if I see it
again.
They will have been married for 20 years next
year.
例題3 教科書p.29
1) ナンシーがここに住んで、来月で10年に
なる。
2) 私は彼女が家に帰ってしまっていたとは
思わなかった。
3) その本をもう一度読んだら、私はそれを3
度読んだことになる。

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4 lesson 4 perfective