4. 受動態の基本の形と意味
◎能動態の文で「目的語」だった語に焦点が当たる(主役になる)のが
受動態
They invited us to the party.
S V O
We were invited to the party by them.
肯 S + be動詞 + 過去分詞 (by~)
We were not invited to the party by them.
否 S + be動詞 + not + 過去分詞 (by ~)
Were we invited to the party by them?
-Yes, we were. No, we weren’t.
疑 Be動詞 + S + 過去分詞?
-Yes, S be. / No, S be not.
5. 疑問詞を使った疑問文(基本)
The party was held in his house.
「どこでパーティが開かれたの?」は?
○疑問詞は疑問文の頭に
Where was the party held?
「誰がパーティに招待されたの?」は?
○誰(who)が主語・疑問詞として働く
Who was invited to the party?
9. 助動詞+受動態
S + 助動詞 + be + 過去分詞
意味は「~される+助動詞の意味」
This essay must be finished by tomorrow.
あしたまでに仕上げられないといけない
The fireworks can’t be seen from my house.
見られることができない(=見ることができない)
His new movie will be released in May.
5月に公開されるだろう
A new building is going to be build next year.
来年建設される予定だ
助動詞の基本の意味と使い方
はLesson 5(助動詞)を参照
10. 進行形の受動態
進行形も完了形も助動詞(be, have)を使った表現。
A new building is being built on the corner.
S is being 過去分詞 「今~されているところだ」
もちろん過去進行形にしても構わない
The robot was being made at that time.
11. 完了形の受動態
Don’t touch the wall. It has just been painted.
have(has) been 過去分詞
もちろん「完了」「経験」「継続」の用法あり
The TV had been repaired when I came home.
過去完了も
The tickets will have been sold out by the time I get there.
未来完了もある。
15. ◎SVOOの受動態 (give系動詞)
Tom gave Mary a present.
S V O1 O2
①Mary was given a present by Tom.
O1
②A present was given to Mary by Tom.
O2
16. ◎SVOOの受動態 (buy系動詞)
Tom bought Mary a ring.
S V O1 O2
①Mary was bought a ring by Tom.
O1 ※正しいけどあんまり使わない
②A ring was bought for Mary by Tom.
O2
17. 寄り道:前置詞to・forの使い方
give 物 to 人 など、前置詞toを使う動詞
lend, pass, tell, write, send, hand, show, teach…
buy 物 for 人 など、前置詞forを使う動詞
make, get, find, choose, cook, sing,
toは「物の移動」に焦点。
forは「~の利益になること」に焦点。
toは「物理的・心理的に動作主が所有しているものが移動する」
forは必ずしも物の移動が伴わない、動作主が所有していないもの
18. SVOCの受動態
He named his baby Alice.
を受動態にできますか?
His baby was named Alice by him.
S be P.P C
動詞の固まり(VP)
19. 受動態を使って「報告する表現」
◎sayを使った受動態
It is said that~:that以下のことが(世間で)言
われている
S is said to be~: Sは~だと言われている。
It is said that he is very rich.
He is said to be very rich.
He is said to have one million yen.
21. S + be + P.P by○○じゃないとき?
• ①The road is covered with snow.
• ②We were surprised at the news.
• ③He was injrued in last night's game.
• ④She is married to a colleague.
by以外の前置詞が使う時、前置詞のあとに来るのは「動作主」
というよりも、「原因、理由、手段、材料、適用範囲」など。