3. P1 A 直説法と仮定法
1. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.
実際に起こる可能性がある→直説法
2. If I lived near the sea, I could go swimming
every day.
絶対にありえない（と話者は思ってい
る）→仮定法、特殊な形
4. P1 B 仮定法過去と仮定法過去完了
1. If I were free, I could go with you.
2. If I knew his phone number, I would call you.
1-2を「仮定法過去」の形と呼ぶ
3. If I had been free, I could have gone with you.
4. If I had known his phone number, I would have
called him.
3-4を「仮定法過去完了」の形と呼ぶ
5. 仮定法の基本：仮定法過去
If S were 〇〇, S would V原型 ：仮定法過去、今の話
もしSが〇〇だったら、SはVするだろうに。
〇仮定法過去でbe動詞を使うときは ‘were’! 「気持ち悪さ」を
増大させます。
If S V過去形, S would V原型：仮定法過去、今の話
もしSがVしたら、SはVするだろうに。
〇今の話なのに過去形を使う気持ち悪さを確認しよう。
また、would / could / mightなどの助動詞の過去形が使われる
ことも確認。
6. 仮定法の基本：仮定法過去完了
If S had 過去分詞, S would have 過去分詞: 仮定法
過去完了、過去の話
もしSが～していたら、Sは～していただろう
に。
〇過去に起こったことについて仮定したいと
きは、過去完了形と、助動詞の過去形＋have+
過去分詞を使います。
If I had had one million yen when I was a university
student, I would have bought a car.
9. P1 C 「いつの話」？敏感になろう
1. If he had joined the team, he would be a
star now.
彼が（過去に）チームに参加していれば、
（今ごろ）スターになっているだろうに。
現在の仮定なら過去形に、過去の仮定なら
過去完了に。だからこんな文もありえます
よね。
10. P1 D 未来のことを表す仮定法
1. If you were to write a book, what would it be
about? 「仮に～するとしたら」
2. If he should change his mind, he would let us
know. 「万一～するとしたら」
were to / should の違い
were to は、実現可能性があっても使える
shouldは、実現可能性が低～いときだけ
全くないときには使えない。
11. P1 E ifの省略
Were I rich, I could buy the car. 変な語順！
ほんとうは
If I were rich, I could buy the car.
倒置が起こるときはなんか意図がある
→仮定の意味が強調される
書きことばで用いる
12. P2 A wishを使った仮定法
1. I wish I knew his phone number.
「今」彼の電話番号を知ってればなあ
2. I wish I had studied more.
「あの時」もっと勉強してればなあ
13. P2 B as if 「まるで～のように」
1. He treats me as if I were a little child.
「現在」まるで私が小さな子供かのように
2. I feel as if I had had a horrible nightmare.
「過去」まるで恐ろしい悪夢を見たかのよ
うに
14. P2 C 慣用表現
1.If it were not for you r help, I would not
be able to do this job.
2.If It had not been for your help, I would
not have been able to do this job.
3.If only I were rich!
4.It’s (about) time you went to bed.
15. P2 C 慣用表現
〇 If it were not for 名：名が（今）なかったら
（仮定法過去）
If it had not been for 名：名が（あの時）なかっ
たら
（仮定法過去完了）
〇If only 仮定法：～でさえあればなあ！
〇It’s about time S V過去形：もうSがVする時間で
すよ。
16. P2 D 仮定法って助動詞で見分ける
1. Without your help, I would not be able to do
this job.
2. With a little more money, I could buy another
coat.
3. We know Jim very well; otherwise we would
not trust him.
4. An honest man wouldn’t do such a thing.
18. P2 D 仮定法って助動詞で見分ける
〇Without 名, 仮定法：名がなかったら～
〇With 名, 仮定法：名があれば～
〇 Aということ~. Otherwise, 仮定法：そうで
なければ～
〇 An honest man wouldn’t do such a thing.
正直な男ならばそんなことはしないだろう。
