How to write a essay, businesse email, story writing

1. Academic Writing and
Business Communication
English II

2. Academic Writing
 Characterized by evidence-based arguments, precise word choice, logical
organization and an impersonal tone
 Conveys ideas and engages in scholarly conversation
 It informs, analyzes and persuades
 Examples: Essay writing, letter writing, story writing and dialogue writing

3. Steps to Effective Academic Writing
• Writing out ideas and linking up themes
Step 1: Brainstorming
• Organizing the points and researching required details
Step 2: Planning and Research
• Beginning to write with a proper formal structure
Step 3: Drafting
• Rereading, editing and rephrasing
Step 4: Editing
• Rectifying any mechanical, structural or grammatical error
Step 5: Proofreading

4. Types of Academic Writing

5. Characteristics
of Academic
Writing
Clear and
Limited Focus
Impersonal
Tone
Logical
Structure
Evidence –
Based
Arguments
Diction
Responsibility
and Relevance

6. Common Mistakes to Avoid
 Wordiness: Be concise and simple
 Missing or Vague Thesis Statement: Clear thesis statement and linked
supporting details
 Analysis without Description: Analyze ideas from different sources
and explain how they relate to your work
 Informal Language: No slangs, idioms or conversational language
 Not Citing Sources: Cite ideas to avoid plagiarism

7. Ethics of Academic Writing
Honesty
Objectivity
Carefulness
Openness
Confidentiality
Competence
Legality

8. Plagiarism
It can be viewed as the stealing of another
person’s ideas, methods, results or words
without giving proper attribution

10. Paraphrasing
 Ideas expressed by someone else, now presented (by you) in a new
form
 A legitimate way to use information from a source
 Helps to grab full meaning of the original text

11. Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
 Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning
 Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your
version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form
 Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have
borrowed exactly from the source
 Note/record the source (including the page); you must cite
paraphrased material

13. Business Communication
 Passing of information message or news within or outside the company for the
financial benefit of the organization
 Used to promote a product, service, or organization; relay information within
a business; or deal with legal and similar issues
 Encompasses a variety of topics including: consumer behavior, advertising,
public relations, corporate communication, research and measurement,
reputation management, and event management

14. Types of Business Communication
• Reports
• Financials
• Minutes
Informational
• Proposals
• Press Release
• Sales Email
Persuasive
• Emails
• Dismissal Notes
Transactional
• User Manuals
• Memos
• Specifications
Instructional

15. Differences in Academic and Business
Writing
Academic Writing
 Writing to persuade your professor
how much you know
 Only audience is our professor
 Professors rarely share students'
writing with others
 College papers have a limited life
span
Business Writing
 Writing at work focuses on problem
solving
 Targets multiple audiences with
different perspectives
 May be read by unknown readers
 Can be used indefinitely and can
be used in legal proceedings

16. Similarities in Academic and Business
Writing
 Need well-developed ideas
 Formal tone
 Proper grammar and correct punctuation
 Correct jargons and relevant abbreviations

17. Thank You