Learning Objectives: 1. Know that Crude Oil is a compound of Hydrogen and Carbon Only  2. Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy. 3. Understand the origins of Crude Oil 4. Describe how the industrial Process of Fractional Distillation separates crude oil into fractions

1. Crude Oil:
Introduction and
Basics

2. Contents
Introduction: Learning Objectives
Crude Oil: What is that ?
Fossil Fuels: Origins
Fractional Distillation
Practice
2

3. Introduction: Learning Objectives
2. Know that a fuel is a substance that,
when burned, releases heat energy.
3. Understand the origins of Crude Oil
1. Know that Crude Oil is a compound of
Hydrogen and Carbon Only
4. Describe how the industrial Process of
Fractional Distillation separates crude oil
into fractions

4. Hydrocarbons Fossil Fuels
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
Note: The hydrocarbons are the most broadly used organic compounds. Hydrocarbons: Contain only Hydrogen and Carbon
Non-renewable
energy sources
Link
4
Fossil Fuels: Origins

5. Fossil Fuels: Review
Fossil fuel, any of a class of hydrocarbon-containing materials of biological origin occurring within Earth’s
crust that can be used as a source of energy.
• Coal was formed from dead trees and other plant material.
• Crude oil and gas were formed from dead marine organisms
Fossil fuels are non-renewable.
All fossil fuels can be burned in air or with oxygen derived from air to provide heat. This heat may be employed directly,
as in the case of home furnaces, or used to produce steam to drive generators that can supply electricity.

6. Advantages
• They generate large amounts of energy quite
cheaply.
• As technology improves, more reserves can
be accessed.
• Locating where fossil fuels are is quite easy.
• Oil and gas can be transported through
pipelines.
• The means for extracting fossil fuels is
already in existence.
Disadvantages
• They release carbon dioxide when they are
burnt, creating pollution.
• Carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse
effect and global warming.
• Mining can create ugly scars on the
landscape.
• Oil spills can cause environmental damage.
• Supplies are running out and new sources are
harder to get to. Oil and gas are both
predicted to run out within 100 years.
Fossil Fuels: Advantages and Disadvantages

7. Crude Oil: What is that ?
Crude oil, liquid petroleum that is found accumulated in various porous rock formations
in Earth’s crust and is extracted for burning as fuel or for processing into chemical products.

8. Let's Practice:
Group Work:
What is Crude Oil ?
Is Crude Oil Mixture, Compound or
Element ?
What are the types of Fossil Fuels ?
Why is burning Fossil Fuels Harmful ?
What non-renewable and renewable
means ?
1.How does Petroleum Form ?

9. Fractional Distillation
Fractional distillation: To separate two or more liquids that are miscible with one
another
Explanation:
Fractional distillation is carried out in a fractionating column.
•In the fractionating column, it is hot at the bottom and cool at the top.
•Crude oil will enter the fractionating column and will be heated so vapours will rise
and evaporate.
•Vapours of hydrocarbons with very high boiling points will immediately turn into liquid
and are tapped off at the bottom of the column.
•Vapours of hydrocarbons with low boiling points will rise up the column and condense
at the top to be tapped off.
•The different fractions will condense at different heights according to their boiling
points and will be tapped off as liquids. All the fraction are mixtures of different kinds of
hydrocarbon.
To conclude the smaller hydrocarbons are collected at the top of the fractionating
column as gases. The bigger hydrocarbons are collected at the lower sections of the
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10. Fractional Distillation: Video

11. Fractional Distillation: Detailed Scheme

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