Social science, History, Class 7 chapter 1

1. Turkish invasions in North India
By : Kamlesh Khanna

2. • Many small kingdoms emerged powerful in different
parts of India.
• The frequent war among the Rajputs resulted in
political disunity in North India this attracted
invasions by Turks.
• Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad recruited the Turks as
guards and professional soldiers.
• By the end of 9th century the power of Caliph
weakened and Turks slowly took over the power and
became governors of the provinces.

5. MAHMUD GHAZNI
• One governor, who conquered
Ghazni in Afghanistan started a new
lineage of rulers known as
Ghaznavis.
• Mahmud Ghazni was born in 971 CE.
• He ascended The throne in 998 CE.

6. INDIA AT THE TIME OF INVASIONS BY MAHMUD OF GHAZNI
• He decided to invade North West
India where the Gurjara- Pratihara
Empire had become weak due to
frequent battles with Pallavas and
Rashtrakutas.
• Mahmud Ghazni invaded India 17
times in 27 years (1000 - 1027 CE).
He wanted to build a powerful
Empire and needed the money to
raise a powerful army to succeed.
• V

8. THE PLUNDER OF SOMNATH

9. Consequences of Mahmud's invasions
Exposed the weakness of Indian rulers
Paved the way for the establishment of Muslim rule in India
Trade interest attracted many Muslims to settle in India
The development of a close cultural interaction between
India and Islamic Central Asia
Mahmud's destruction of valuable and artistic temples and
idols was a great loss to Indian heritage

10. DO YOU KNOW ?

11. MUHAMMAD GHORI
• Muhammad Ghori was the ruler of
a small Kingdom of Ghor in
Afghanistan.
• He conquered Ghazni.
• He placed it under the charge of
his brother and decided to turn his
attention towards India to expand
his Empire.

12. The credit of the founding of Muslim Empire in India goes to
Muhammad Ghori.

13. Muhammad Ghori's dream of establishing an Islamic Empire
would have been incomplete without conquering Kanauj.
A fierce battle took place between the Muslims and the Rajput.
The power of Rajputs was crushed, King Jaichand was defeated
and Muhammad Ghori occupied Kanauj and Banaras.
Muhammad Gauri did not have a child of his own. He put his
territories under the charge of his trusted slave and general,
Qutubuddin Aibek.

14. DO YOU KNOW ?

15. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MAHMUD GHAZNI
• To propagate Islam and
gain popularity among
Muslims
• To looted and plundered
India
• Did not appoint governors
MUHAMMAD GHORI
• Founder of Muslim empire
in India
• To set up an Empire
• Appointed faithful generals
who continued to expand
the kingdom

16. Reasons responsible for the defeat of Indian rulers
• The disunity among Indian rulers
• The caste system
• The common people were dissatisfied as they had no
contact with the rulers
• Some Rajput rulers helped the Turks against their own
country
• The feudal system where the land owners were very
powerful, weakened the power of kings
• Indian Army's used old methods of war equipment and
elephant.