1. Human Factors in Innovation September 2009

2. James Kalbach User Experience Consultant LexisNexis LIS Degree Rutgers University

3. Innovation is the new black

4. Invention Innovation Idea Concept Thought Vision Physical Proof of concept “Hardware” Social Information “Software”

5. Innovation is about social applications of inventions, not about the inventions themselves… Engineeering-driven corporate cultures fail…because they don’t address the social needs of their customers… Bruce Nussbaum “Are Engineers, Scientists And Mathematicians Enemies of Innovation?” Bruce Nussbaum, Business Week (June 16, 2009) www.businessweek.com/innovate/NussbaumOnDesign/archives/2009/06/are_engineers_s.html

7. Factors Affecting Adoption Perceived attributes Type of innovation decision Adoption process Communication channels Amount & type of promotion Nature of the social system Type of adopter 1. Adoption of Innovation 2. Human Factors 3.

8. 1. Perceived Attributes

9. Perceived Attributes 1. Relative AdvantageIs it better? 2. CompatibilityIs it appropriate? 3. ComplexityIs it understandable? 4. TrialabilityCan it be tested? 5. ObservabilityWhat does it look like? Examples of non-adoption

10. 1. Relative Advantage USP?

12. Strategy Canvas

13. 2. Compatability Is It Appropriate?

15. 2. Compatability

16. 3. Complexity Learning Curve

17. “Good Enough” Design

18. 4. Trialability

19. Persuasive IA

20. 5. Observability

21. Visbility Breadth vs Depth “Information Scent“

23. 2. Adoption Process

24. Phases In Adoption Knowledge Persuasion Decision Implemen-tation Confirma-tion Relative Advantage Compatabiltiy Complexity Trialability Observability Uncertainty drives the process of adoption

28. 3. Types of Adopters

29. Pragmatists ‘Stick with the crowd‘ Conservatives ‘Prove it‘ Visionaries ‘Be first‘ Sceptics ‘I doubt it‘ Techies ‘Let‘s try it out‘ Uncertainty drives attitude toward adoption

30. It turns out our attitude toward technology adoption becomes significant…any time we are introduced to products that require us to change our current mode of behavior...

32. Doesn’t have time to learn new programmes and technologies, but knows they can make things easier

33. Concerned about data backups

35. Practicing law for 7 years

36. Focus on traffic law and some family law, but takes cases in other areas as needed

38. Has email and internet for work, used regularly

39. Novice database searcher, doesn’t invest time to improve

41. Practice management software and paper client files

42. Subscriptions limited to key journals

43. Account with an online research service

45. Prepare briefs, documents; Research (20%)

46. Consult with clients face-to-face (15%)

47. Admin work on files, time tracking (10%)

48. Correspond with clients on a matter (10%)

49. Keep up-to-date (5%)

50. Manage business (personnel, supplies) (5%)Typical Work Day 8:30 Check messages, deadlines, prioritize work 9:00 Go to court 12:30 Return, correspond with clients 13:00Lunch break 14:00 Reprioritize, correspondence, manage office 15:00 Consult clients face-to-face in office 18:00 Client file work, research, prepare next day 19:00 Go home with law journal and client files Late Majority Sources: Interviews internally; Market segmentation documentation; Monster.com; Interviews with customers

51. Perceived Attributes Adoption Process 3. Types of Adopters

52. What are innovations in IA?

53. Faceted Classification , personality ; matter-property : energy . space ' time 1933: Colon Classification S. R. Ranganathan

55. Relative Advantage? Compatability? Complexity? Triability? Observability?

58. Conclusion IA and UX are fundamentally about innovation Tie innovation to human behavior Address human factors of innovation Conduct ethnographic research Use existing frameworks to lower uncertainty Take advantage of the paradigm shift Design innovation has never been so relevant Reach out to managers looking to innovate Focus on the risk of non-adoption Leverage existing techniques

59. Thank You James.Kalbach@gmail.com www.experiencinginformation.com